1. Chapter 16: First Global Age - Europe, the Americas, & Africa
Section 1: Conquest in the Americas
Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America
Section 3: Struggle For North America

3. Section 1: Conquest in the Americas
In 1492 , Christopher Columbus landed in the West Indies
At first the Native Americans were friendly and generous toward the Spanish
However these feelings did not last

5. Section 1: Conquest in the Americas
The Spanish soon forced the Indians to work for them
Many Indians died from cruel treatment

7. Section 1: Conquest in the Americas
Many Spanish conquistadors, or conquerors followed Columbus to the Americas
They came to find riches
They wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity
Within a few years the Spanish had conquered many Native American civilizations

9. Section 1: Conquest in the Americas
Hernan Cortes defeated the powerful Aztec empire
Francisco Pizarro destroyed the Incan empire in Peru

12. Section 1: Conquest in the Americas
The Spanish were able to conquer these empires quickly for several reasons
Weapons
Horses
Advanced weaponry
Native American Allies
Diseases
Killed millions
Made Native Americans believe their gods had deserted them

15. Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America
The Spanish introduced new forms of government, religion, economy, and culture to the Americas
Government = King
Religion = Christianity
Economy = Plantation System
Culture = Class Structure

17. Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America
Government = King
The Spanish King picked people he trusted to run the colonial governments
He allowed the colonies to trade only with Spain

18. Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America
Religion = Christianity
Church leaders helped to run the government
They also worked to convert Native Americans to Christianity

19. Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America
Economy = Plantation System
Growing sugar cane became a large business
At first, Native Americans were forced to work on sugar plantations
Plantation - large estates run by an owner or overseer
They were treated cruelly and many died
The first slaves from Africa were brought in by the Spanish to replace the Native American workforce

20. Section 2: Spanish & Portuguese Colonies in North America
Culture = Class Structure
Most Power
Fewest People
Peninsularies (people born in Spain)
Creoles (people of European decent born in the colonies
Mestizos (people of mixed Native American & European descent)
Mulattoes (people of mixed African & European descent)
Native American & people of African Descent

22. Section 3: Struggle For North America
During the late 1600s, the French settled Canada
They called their colony New France
Settlers their were traders and fur trappers
They worked and lived with Native Americans

23. French fur trapper

24. Section 3: Struggle For North America
England also set up colonies in North America
Large numbers of settlers came to these colonies
Some came to make a profit
Others hope to own land for the first time
Some, like the Pilgrim sought religious freedom

26. Section 3: Struggle For North America
The English kings wanted to keep strict control over their colonies
However, the English allowed their colonies to have more freedom than did the French or Spanish

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28. Section 3: Struggle For North America
English colonists were allowed a measure of self-government
Each colony had an assembly, or legislature
Its members were elected by men who owned property in the colony
The assembly advised the Royal Governor and made laws

30. Section 3: Struggle For North America
During the 1700s, France and Britain (England) fought for power and territory all over the world
In the Americas they fought each other in the French & Indian War
The British finally won in 1763

33. Section 3: Struggle For North America
In the Treaty of Paris (1763), France was forced to give up Canada
Thus England gained control of much of North American

35. Section 3: Struggle For North America
The Big Idea:
During the 1700s, England and France claimed lands in North America
They fought numerous wars, in which England was eventually victorious

37. The Columbian Exchange
The Age of Exploration is a turning point in history because it altered the way people lived across the world
The biggest aspect of this change deals with the exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas, and technology

38. The Columbian Exchange
This is known as the Columbian Exchange, because it starts with Columbus.  While many aspects of this exchange had positive effects, such as the exchange of foods between Europe and America, there were also negative effects, such as the exchange of diseases between Europe and America

39. From Old World to New World From New World to Old World
Columbian Exchange
From Old World to New World
From New World to Old World
wheat
sugar
bananas
rice
grapes
horses
pigs
cattle
sheep
chickens
smallpox
measles
typhus
corn
potato
beans
peanuts
squash
pumpkin
tomatoes
avocados
chili pepper
pineapple
cocoa
tobacco
quinine (a medicine for malaria)

40. The Columbian Exchange
The Age of Discovery changed the world
Access to new and better foods allowed the European population to grow, and access to the New World gave these people a place to go

41. The Columbian Exchange
New World civilizations such as the Inca and Aztecs, faced near total destruction of their cultures either through disease brought by the Europeans, or by colonization

42. The Columbian Exchange
Africa faced a Diaspora, or forced movement of its people, as slavery became the dominant labor force in the Americas
The Age of Exploration was both a positive and negative experience for many civilizations.