1. Understanding Verb Forms What are the principal parts of verbs? Regular verbs Irregular verbs Review A Review B

2. What are the principal parts of verbs? Verbs change forms to fit different uses, much as people change clothes to fit different situations. He wears stripes for the game. He wore a tuxedo for his wedding. He has worn a uniform before.

3. What are the principal parts of verbs? Verbs have four principal parts, each of which performs a different function. Present Participle Base Form Past Past Participle begin join [is] beginn[is] join ing beg n a join ed [have] begn u [have] join ed ing More about participles

4. What are the principal parts of verbs? Participles When used as part of a verb phrase, participles follow a helping verb. Ken is joining us. The movie has begun. Verb Phrase Ken is joining us. Helping Verb The movie has begun. Helping Verb

5. What are the principal parts of verbs? These principal parts are used to form all the different verb tenses.tenses Present Participle Base Form Past Past Participle They always begin on time. They are beginning now. They began early yesterday. They have begun already.

6. What are the principal parts of verbs? Tense Lisa takes ballet lessons. The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb. PastFuture Present Present Perfect She has taken lessons for four years. Future Future Perfect Perfect tenses indicate that something happened or existed before a specific point in time. Lisa will take tap dancing next year.By June she will have taken dance for five years. Past She took an advanced class last summer. Past Perfect Lisa had taken piano before. Present

7. Regular verbs A regular verb generally forms its past and past participle by adding –d or –ed to the base form.adding –d or –ed Present Participle Base FormPast Past Participle bake d [have] bake d happen ed [have] happen ed The present participle is formed by adding –ing.adding –ing happen ing

8. Regular verbs Adding –ing, -d, or –ed Most regular verbs that end in e drop the e before adding –ing. dance Some verbs double the final consonant before adding –ing or –ed. trim trimm ing trim trimm ed danc ing

9. Avoid the common mistake of leaving the –d or –ed ending off the past or past participle form. Regular verbs Adding –d or –ed The firefighter risk his life. Nonstandard The firefighter risked his life. Standard We should have ask for directions. We should have asked for directions.

10. Regular verbs A few regular verbs have alternative past and past participle forms that end in -t. Base FormPast Past Participle burn ed [have] burn ed dream ed [have] dream ed or burn t [have] burn t or dream t [have] dream t or

11. Regular verbs 1.I think you (stir) that batter too much. 2.During the journey the people on the wagon train had (survive) every sort of hardship. 3.Jamal (use) to work for a messenger service. Give the correct past or past participle form of each verb in parentheses. 4.My dad (burn) his toast at breakfast.

12. Regular verbs Give the correct past or past participle form of each verb in parentheses. 1.I think you stirred that batter too much. Stir is a regular verb. Add –ed to form the past form.

13. Regular verbs Give the correct past or past participle form of each verb in parentheses. 2.During the journey the people on the wagon train had survived every sort of hardship. Survive is a regular verb. Add –ed to form the past participle.

14. Regular verbs Give the correct past or past participle form of each verb in parentheses. 3.Jamal used to work for a messenger service. Use is a regular verb. Add –ed to form the past form.

15. Regular verbs Give the correct past or past participle form of each verb in parentheses. 4.My dad burned his toast at breakfast. Burn has an alternative past form that ends in -t. 4.My dad burnt his toast at breakfast. or

16. Regular verbs [End of Section] Give the correct form (past, past participle, or present participle) of the italicized verb, as indicated in parentheses. 1. A rolling, green meadow (stretch) before them. (past) 2.The class is (paint) a mural for the hallway. (present participle) 3.Have you (revise) your essay yet? (past participle) 4.The cat (jump) onto the counter and knocked over a glass of juice. (past) 5.We are (conduct) a survey. (present participle) On Your Own

17. Give the correct form (past, past participle, or present participle) of each verb, as indicated in parentheses. Regular verbs Answers 1. A rolling, green meadow stretched before them. (past) 2.The class is painting a mural for the hallway. (present participle) 3.Have you revised your essay yet? (past participle) 4.The cat jumped onto the counter and knocked over a glass of juice. (past) 5.We are conducting a survey. (present participle)

18. m Irregular verbs An irregular verb forms its past and past participle in some way other than by adding –d or –ed. Base FormPastPast Participle swim burst [have] burst Some verbs do not fit the regular pattern. sw m a [have] sw u

19. When forming the past and past participles of irregular verbs, avoid the common error of adding –d, -ed, or –t to the base form. Irregular verbs We bursted into laughter as soon as we saw the comedian. Nonstandard We burst into laughter as soon as we saw the comedian. Standard

20. nk Irregular verbs Changing vowels 1. Some irregular verbs form the past and past participle by changing vowels. Base FormPastPast Participle drinknk Other verbs that change vowels becomebecame[have] become findfound[have] found meetmetmet[have] met ringrang[have] rung dr [have] dr u a

21. Irregular verbs Changing consonants 2.Other irregular verbs form the past and past participle by changing consonants. Base FormPastPast Participle make ma [have] ma d Other verbs that change consonants buildbuilt[have] built hearheard[have] heard lendlent[have] lent spendspent[have] spent d e e

22. Irregular verbs Changing vowels and consonants 3.Some irregular verbs form the past and past participle by changing both vowels and consonants. Base FormPastPast Participle sees [have] s een Other verbs that change vowels and consonants buybought[have] bought breakbroke[have] broken feelfeltfelt[have] felt gowent[have] gone aw

23. Irregular verbs No change 4.A few irregular verbs make no change at all in their past and past participle forms. Base FormPastPast Participle set Other verbs that make no change burst [have] burst cost [have] cost hurt [have] hurt read [have] read set [have] set

24. I have never swam in this lake before. Do not use the past form with a helping verb. Irregular verbs Nonstandard I never swam in this lake before. Standard Also, do not use a past participle form without a helping verb. She swum to shore to get help. Nonstandard She has swum to shore to get help. Standard

25. Irregular verbs 1.Aunt Crystal (send) me a postcard from Spain. 2.Dan has (bring) chicken for the picnic. 3.The mother (speak) softly to the small child. Give the correct past or past participle form of each verb in parentheses. 4.Where have I (put) my notebook?

26. Irregular verbs Give the correct past or past participle form of each verb in parentheses. 1.Aunt Crystal sent me a postcard from Spain. The past form of send is sent.

27. Irregular verbs Give the correct past or past participle form of each verb in parentheses. 2.Dan has brought chicken for the picnic. The past participle of bring is brought.

28. Irregular verbs Give the correct past or past participle form of each verb in parentheses. 3.The mother spoke softly to the small child. The past form of speak is spoke.

29. Irregular verbs Give the correct past or past participle form of each verb in parentheses. 4.Where have I put my notebook? The past form of put is put.

30. Irregular verbs [End of Section] Give the correct form (past or past participle) of each verb in parentheses. 1. I bought the tickets even though they ________ too much. (cost) 2.Greg has finally ________ the answer. (find) 3.Dad has ________ Rusty to visit the veterinarian. (take) 4.The girls ________ hats for the nature hike. (wear) 5.She ________ everything she could to help us. (do) On Your Own

31. 1. I bought the tickets even though they ________ too much. (cost) 2.Greg has finally ________ the answer. (find) 3.Dad has ________ Rusty to visit the veterinarian. (take) 4.The girls ________ hats for the nature hike. (wear) 5. She ________ everything she could to help us. (do) cost found taken wore did Irregular verbs Answers Give the correct form (past or past participle) of each verb in parentheses.

32. Review A Give the correct form (past, past participle, or present participle) of each italicized verb, as indicated in parentheses. 1.Have you ever (fly) a Japanese dragon kite? (past participle) 2.We (see) three movies last weekend. (past) 3.Bill is (cut) the fabric for the drapes. (present participle) 4.The pitcher (throw) the ball to the first baseman. (past) 5.The government class has (go) to observe the city council in session. (past participle)

33. 1.Have you ever flown a Japanese dragon kite? (past participle) 2.We saw three movies last weekend. (past) 3.Bill is cutting the fabric for the drapes. (present participle) 4.The pitcher threw the ball to the first baseman. (past) 5.The government class has gone to observe the city council in session. (past participle) Review A Give the correct form (past, past participle, or present participle) of each italicized verb, as indicated in parentheses.

34. Review B [End of Section] 1.As soon as the robin was well, we letted it go free. 2.Can you believe Mary has never rode a roller coaster? 3.Mrs. Romero begun her career as soon as she finished college. 4.The crowded roots of the plant have bursted the ceramic flowerpot. 5.Tasha would have sang the song if we had asked her to. The following sentences contain nonstandard or misspelled verb forms. Identify each error, and provide the standard form of the verb.

35. 1.As soon as the robin was well, we let it go free. 2.Can you believe Mary has never ridden a roller coaster? 3.Mrs. Romero began her career as soon as she finished college. 4.The crowded roots of the plant have burst the ceramic flowerpot. 5.Tasha would have sung the song if we had asked her to. Review B The following sentences contain nonstandard or misspelled verb forms. Identify each error, and provide the standard form of the verb.

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