1. Introduction to the Structural Units
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Structural Units

2. Anatomy and Physiology
Shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another
Physiology
Function of each body part and how the functions of various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism

3. Branches of Anatomy Gross anatomy Microscopic anatomy
Developmental anatomy
Comparative anatomy
Systematic anatomy

4. Terms for Location or Position and Direction
Anterior or ventral
Front or in front of
Posterior or dorsal
Back or in back of
Cephalic and caudal
Toward the “head end” or “tail end”
Superior and inferior
Above or below another

5. Terms for Location or Position and Direction
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6. Terms for Location or Position and Direction
Medial and lateral
Toward or away from the midline
Proximal and distal
Toward or away from the point of attachment or origin
Superficial/external and internal
On or near the surface or deep inside

7. Terms for Location or Position and Direction
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8. Caudal Distal Proximal Which term means “towards the tail end?”
Checkpoint Questions
Which term means “towards the tail end?”
What is another word for “posterior?”
What does the term means “towards the point of attachment?
Caudal
Distal
Proximal

9. Body Planes and Sections
Sagittal plane
Right and left parts
Midsagittal plane
Equal right and left parts
Coronal (frontal) plane
Vertical at right angles to the sagittal plane
Transverse or cross section
Horizontal; divides body into upper and lower parts

10. Body Planes and Sections

11. Body Cavities Dorsal cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity
Brain and spinal cord
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity

12. Body Cavities
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13. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
Epigastric region (upper)
Just below sternum
Right and left hypochondriac
Just below ribs
Umbilical (middle)
Located around the navel

14. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
Right and left lumbar
Extend from anterior to posterior
Hypogastric (lower)
Pubic area
Right and left iliac
Also called right and left inguinal areas

15. Abdominopelvic Cavity Regions
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16. Smaller Cavities Orbital cavity Nasal cavity Buccal cavity
Eyes, eyeball muscles, optic nerves, and lacrimal (tear) ducts
Nasal cavity
Parts that form the nose
Buccal cavity
Teeth and tongue

17. Nasal Cavity Right and left hypochondriac Checkpoint Questions
1. What is the cavity that forms part of the nose?
2. What are the terms that mean “just below the ribs?”
3. What is the difference between the midsagittal and sagittal planes?
Nasal Cavity
Right and left hypochondriac
Sagittal – separates body into right and left parts
Midsagittal – separates body into EQUAL right and left parts

18. Life Functions
Living organisms may be unicellular organisms or multi-celled organisms. They include humans, plants, animals, etc.
All living organisms are capable of carrying on life functions.

19. Life Functions
These functions allow living organisms to live, grow, and maintain themselves.

20. Life Functions Movement Ingestion Digestion Muscle system
Digestive system
Digestion

21. Life Functions Transport Respiration Synthesis Circulatory system
Respiratory system
Synthesis
Digestive system

22. Life Functions Assimilation Growth Secretion Digestive system
Skeletal system
Secretion
Endocrine system

23. Life Functions Excretion Regulation (sensitivity) Reproduction
Urinary system
Regulation (sensitivity)
Nervous system
Reproduction
Reproductive system

24. Human Development
Cells  Tissues Organs Organ system  Organism!

25. Body Processes Metabolism
Functional activities of the cell that result in growth, repair, energy release, use of food, and secretions
Anabolism
Building up
Catabolism
Breaking down

26. Homeostasis
Ability of the body to regulate its internal environment within narrow limits
Essential to survival
Works on a negative feedback system

27. Metric System Measurements for length, weight, and volume
A decimal system
Based on the power of ten
Uses prefixes such as centi-, milli-, and micro-

28. Metric System Lengths measured in meters Weights measured in grams
Volumes measured in liters

29. Catabolism – breaking down Anabolism – building up
Checkpoint Questions
1. What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?
2. Excretion involves which body system?
3. Weight is measured in what using the metric system?
Catabolism – breaking down
Anabolism – building up
Urinary System
Grams