1. Body Systems
Allied Health I- Unit C

2. C. BODY SYSTEMS 1H03.01 Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy studies the shape an structure of an organisms body and the relationship of one body part to another.
Physiology studies the function of each body part and how the functions of the various body parts coordinate to form a complete living organism.
For our purposes in this unit it is the study of directions, positions, planes, sections, cavities, and abdominal and pelvic regions.

3. Directions/Position
Anatomical Position
Anterior and ventral front or in front of
Posterior or dorsal back or in back of
Cranial and caudal cranial:head end
caudal: tail end
Superior and inferior superior: upper or above
inferior: lower or below
Medial and lateral medial: toward the midline
lateral: away from midline
Proximal and distal proximal: toward the trunk
distal: farthest from trunk
Superficial or external on or near the surface of body
Deep or internal inside or about a body cavity

4. Planes and Sections
Sagittal plane divides the body into right and left parts Coronal (frontal) plane a vertical cut at right angles to the sagittal plane, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions. Transverse (cross section) a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts.

5. Cavities
Dorsal cavity – contains the brain and spinal cavity Cranial cavity – where the brain is located Spinal cavity – thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, appendix, and part of the large intestine. Pelvic cavity – urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, remainder of the large intestine, and the appendix.

6. Abdominal/Pelvic Regions
Epigastric – located just below the sternum (breast bone), and the right hypochondriac and the left hypochondriac regions are located below the ribs.
Umbilical – located around the naval or umbilicus, and the right lumbar region and the left lumbar region extend from anterior to posterior. ( A person will complain of back pain or lumbar sprain.)
Hypogastric – the pubic area

7. Nine regions of Abdominal Area
Right Hypochondriac
Epigastric
Left Hypochondriac
Right Lumbar
Umbilical
Left Lumbar
Right Inguinal
Hypogastric
Left Inguinal

8. 1H03.02 Body Tissues and Membranes
-Epithelial tissue
-Connective Tissue
*adipose
*cartilage
*tendons
*ligaments
-Muscle Tissue
-Nervous Tissue

9. TISSUES Connective Tissue- supports and connects organs and tissue
Epithelial Tissue – protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces
Connective Tissue- supports and connects organs and tissue
Muscle Tissue – has the ability to contract and move the body
Nervous Tissue – cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse
Adipose Tissue– type of connective tissue that stores fat cells
Ligaments– strong, flexible bands of connective tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints (bone to bone)
Tendons – white bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone (muscle to bone)
Cartilage – firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton

10. TISSUES
MEMBRANES – formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid
MUCOUS MEMBRANES– lines digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary systems – produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining

11. TISSUES
SEROUS MEMBRANES – double-walled membrane - produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities
1. the outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the PARIETAL membrane
2. the part that covers the organs is the VISCERAL membrane.
PLEURAL MEMBRANE – lines thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs
PERICARDIAL MEMBRANE – lines the heart cavity and protects the heart
PERITONEAL MEMBRANE – lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs

12. ORGANS AND SYSTEMS
ORGAN SYSTEM – a group of organs which act together to perform a specific, related function
· Integumentary
· Skeletal
· Muscular
· Digestive
· Respiratory
· Circulatory
· Excretory
· Nervous
· Endocrine
· Reproductive