1. Sports conditions,injuries and prevention Suzanne Younger

2. Sports Injuries and Conditions FracturesConcussionBleedingJoint Injuries Soft Tissue Injuries Skin DamageDehydration Hypo/Hyper thermia

3. Who has had a fracture?.....

4. What is a Fracture? A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone or a loss of continuity in the substance of a bone

5. Clinical sigFracturesf a fracture A deformity that can be seen or felt Pain on stressing the limb Abnormal movement in a limb due to movement at site Crepitus or grating between bone ends Impaired function Swelling at the fracture site Tenderness at site

6. Fractures

7. 4 Causes of Fractures DIRECT INDIRECT PATHOLOGICAL STRESS

8. Causes of fractures Direct trauma – caused by external forces which exceed the strength of the bone. – direct violence e.g. RTA, a blow

11. or Indirect trauma – Fracture results from twisting or rotational forces being applied to the bone – e.g football studs planted, rotation force applied to the limb resulting in spiral of the tibia

12. or Pathological fracture – bone is already weakened or diseased – fracture because the bone’s internal structure is weakened Stress fracture – Caused by repeated excessive loading of a bone, the cumulative forces result in a break

13. Types of fracture: Classified by skin damage Or shape of fracture Or displacement

14. Classified by skin damage: Open: skin’s broken either by external force or internal one Closed: simple fracture

15. Fractures

17. Classified by shape Shape of the fracture – Transverse or Horizontal – Oblique / Spiral – Comminuted (many small parts) – Crush – Greenstick - children, bend in immature bone with a break in cortices

19. What picture shows and Oblique Fracture? What picture shows a Transverse Fracture?

20. Classification by displacement: – Undisplaced – Displaced – Impacted – Stable

21. Comminuted displaced fracture of a femur

22. Stable undisplaced fracture of a radius:

23. Stages of fracture healing: Stage 1: Haematoma (0–2 wks) Stage 2: Cellular proliferation (2-6 wks) Stage 3: Callus formation Stage 4: Consolidation stage ( 6-12 wks) Ossification occurs 12 -26 wk callus matures Stage 5: Stage of remodelling ( 1-2 yrs)

24. Why do physios treat fractures? Aim to restore the patient to optimal functional state Prevent fracture and soft-tissue complications Get the fracture to heal, and in a position which will produce optimal functional recovery Rehabilitate the patient as early as possible

25. Who has had concussion?

26. Sports Concussion:

27. Head injuries in sport are common in all contact sports, the vast majority are minor Common sports for these are: – Football – Boxing – Gymnastics – Horse riding – Martial arts

28. ...impact from camogie stick

30. Causes: Direct blow to head, face, neck, or elsewhere on the body with force transmitted to the head Typically results in rapid onset of short-lived impairment of neurological function that resolves spontaneously May or may not involve loss of consciousness

31. Symptoms: Headache Dizziness Unsteadiness Feeling stunned or dazed Seeing stars or flashing lights Tinnitus Double vision

32. Sleepiness, sleep disturbance, Poor concentration Nausea/vomiting Slurred speech Personality change Impaired playing ability