1. Musculoskeletal Radiology 2 Fractures

2.  Closed /simple fracture: is a broken bone that does not penetrate the skin  Open (compound) fracture: involve wounds that communicate with the fracture and disruption of overlying skin. May expose bone to contamination  These may be oblique, transverse or spiral  Comminuted fracture. Bone break in to multiple pieces.  Greenstick fracture: a fracture that penetrates (perforate) one cortex while the opposite one is still intact (ramifies within the medullary bone). It is an incomplete fracture of a long bone, usually seen in young children.  Torus fracture (Buckle fracture): is an injury which is insufficient to break the cortex and instead it will produce buckling usually metaphyseal in location. It often results from trabecular compression from an axial type loading force (along long axis of bone). Usually seen in children, frequently in the distal radius diaphysis or metaphysis. Fracture Type/Classification Break in the bone/discontinuity of bone cortex

3. Stress Fractures :  overuse injuries of bone. These fractures, which may be nascent or complete, result from repetitive sub-threshold loading that, over time, exceeds the bone's intrinsic ability to repair itself. It typically occurs in weight-bearing bones, such as the tibia and metatarsals (bones of the foot). ex. soldiers, high heels (symptom: pain in the forefoot, image: affects shaft and fracture lines are vertical ) Pathological fractures :  are fractures that occur in a bone that is affected by a destructive process that results in altered bone texture and strength. Causes of weakened bone include tumors, infection, and certain inherited bone disorders.

4. Colle’s fracture Fracture occur with in 2-3 cm of the distal end of radius. The deformity it cause is called dinner fork deformity Dorsal angulation of distal fragment

5. Radius :Simple fracture Fracture of ulna

6. Metacarpal fractures

7. Scaphoid fracture Complications are avascular necrosis and non union Fracture Clavicle. Commonest site for clavicular fracture is middle third

8. Comminuted Fractures upper and lower humerus

9. Green Stick FracturesBuckle fracture

10. Lower Limb Fractures Fracture Femoral neck Femoral shaft fracture

11. Fractures Tibia and Fibula

12. Malleoli fractures

13. Fracture distal phalanx of Toe Metatarsal fractures

14. Tarsal fractures

15. Fractures Knee

16. Lipohaemarthrosis. Fat fluid level is visible

17. Pelvic fracturesDiastasis of pubic symphysis

18. Skull fractures

19. Vertebral fractures

20. CT : Complex trauma.e.g Fracture of maxillofacial region and pelvis etc. to find out,location,extent and associated soft tissue injuries.