1. Connecting Themes Used in 6 th Grade Social Studies

2. Earth’s Human Geography The student will understand that location affects a society’s economy, culture, and development

3. Earth’s Human Geography Population – total number of people Population Distribution – the way the population is spread over the Earth Population Density – The average number of people who live in a square mile or kilometer. Population Density

4. Earth’s Human Geography Why is Population Distribution Uneven? Many factors determine where people live: a. water b. fertile soil c. flat land d. climate e. food

5. Earth’s Human Geography Discovering Population Density Population density is figured by dividing the number of people by the square miles of land. California ÷ 31,430,697 ÷ 155, 973sq mi = 201.5 people per sq mi

6. Earth’s Human Geography Examining the continents: a) Asia, Europe, and North America contain 81% of the Earth’s people on 35% of the world’s land…4.5 billion b) Australia contains only 18 million people on 3 million square miles. The state of New York has about the same population. c) Africa had 15% of the world’s land but only 12% of the world’s population…why? d) South America has only 309 million inhabitants.

7. Earth’s Human Geography Birthrate – the number of live births each year per 1000 people Death rate – the number of deaths each year per 1000 people Life expectancy – the average number of years people live.

8. Earth’s Human Geography Questions 1) Why has the population increased greatly over the last four or five decades? 2) How have science and technology contributed to the growing population?

9. The Earth’s Cultural Geography The student will understand that the culture of a society is the product of religion, beliefs, customs, traditions, and government of that society.

10. The Earth’s Cultural Geography Vocabulary: Culture – The way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs. Culture Trait – Skills, customs, and ways of doing things. Technology – The tools and skills of a culture Cultural Landscape – What cultures and peoples do to change the landscape to include usage of technology.

11. The Earth’s Cultural Geography Question – Take a minute to describe our culture… There were four important developments in human culture: a. Invention of tools b. Discovery of fire c. Agriculture d. Writing

12. The Earth’s Cultural Geography Vocabulary: Social Structure – The cultures organize their people into smaller groups. Nuclear Family – Father, mother and their children Extended Family – Grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc…

13. The Earth’s Cultural Geography Ethics – Cultural defined standards of acceptable behavior. The family is the basic most important social unit of a any culture. Matriarchal – Mother is in charge Patriarchal – Father is in charge

14. The Earth’s Cultural Geography There are three important features that define a culture: a. Language b. Values/Beliefs c. Religion

15. The Earth’s Cultural Geography The student will understand that the movement or migration of people and ideas affects all societies. The student will understand that while change occurs over time, there is continuity to the basic structure of that society.

16. The Earth’s Cultural Geography Migration – Moving from one place to another Immigrant – People who move from one country to another Push–Pull Theory – People migrate because something “pushes” them and the hope for better living conditions pulls Urbanization – The movement of people to the cities

17. The Earth’s Cultural Geography Rural Area – Villages in the countryside or farm lands Urban Area – The cities or nearby towns

18. The Earth’s Cultural Geography Cultural Diffusion – The movement of customs and ideas Acculturation – The process of accepting, borrowing, and exchanging ideas Three things that cause cultural change – 1) Environmental change 2) A new idea 3) Technology

19. The Earth’s Cultural Geography What are some examples of cultural diffusion and acculturation? The cultures of the Caribbean Islands?

20. Economics The student will understand that the productions, distribution, and consumption of goods/services produced by the society are affected by the location, customs, beliefs, and laws of society.

21. Economics Vocabulary: Economy – A system for producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services. Producer – Owners and workers are producers Goods – The products they make Services – Goods that people perform for other people Consumers – People who buy or use these goods and services.

22. Economics Economic Systems Capitalism – Most basic and non-basic businesses are privately owned Mixed – The government owns most basic industries for the good of society, not for profit Communism – The government owns all basic and non-basic industries

23. Governance The student will understand that as a society increases in complexity and interacts with other societies, the complexity of the government also increases.

24. Governance Political Systems Government – The system that sets up and enforces a societies laws and institutions Direct Democracy – Everyone participates in running the affairs of the group Monarchy – A king or queen rules the government Constitution – A set of laws that define and often limit the government’s power

25. Governance Representative Democracy – Citizens elect representatives to run the countries affairs. Dictatorship – One person has almost total power over the country. ~Quiz~ Compare and contrast the three main types of economic systems.

26. Governance The beginnings of society and governance: Greeks – Democracy Romans – Representative Democracy

27. Humans and Their Environment The student will understand that humans, their society, and the environment affect each other.

28. Humans and Their Environment Natural Resource – Any useful material found in the environment or anything from the Earth that meets the need for food, water and shelter Raw Material – Resources that must be altered or changed before they can be used Recyclable resource – Materials that cycle through a natural process….water Renewable resource – A resource that can be replaced….crops and food

29. Humans and Their Environment Nonrenewable resource – When they are used up, they cannot be replaced….fossil fuels Fossil Fuels – A nonrenewable resource made from the remains of prehistoric animals Three types of resources: a. Recyclable b. Renewable c. Nonrenewable

30. Humans and Their Environment Manufacturing – When a product is processed, changing it from a raw material to a finished process. Developed nation – Countries that have many industries Developing nation – Countries with few industries

31. Humans and Their Environment Developed Nations Commercial Farming – Farms that are commercially operated using advanced farming technology Developing Nations Subsistence farming – Farmers raise enough food and animals to feed their family Plantations – Farms that employ many people and owned but only a few people Foreign Aid – Gifts or loans from one government to another

32. Humans and Their Environment Ecosystem – A place where living elements depend on one another – and on nonliving elements – for their survival Deforestation – When people cut down forests for farming or other needs Habitat – The places where a species of animals may live Acid Rain – Rain that carries dangerous chemicals

33. Humans and Their Environment Ozone Layer – The layer of gas in the upper part of the atmosphere Global Warming – A slow increase in the Earth’s temperature Recycle – Re-use old materials to make new products

34. Conflict and Change The student will understand the when there is conflict between or within societies, change will result.

35. Conflict and Change How does conflict with friends change your relationship? Why is there change when you have conflict between or within societies? Why does change always follow conflict?