1. Brittany Unger ED 417.02

2. Serpent Mound This unit is to introduce students to historical landmarks in southern Ohio. This lesson is designed for 2 nd grade.

3. Objectives The objectives of this lesson are to: The objectives of this lesson are to: Introduce students to Serpent Mound Introduce students to Serpent Mound Teach children about the significance of Serpent Mound Teach children about the significance of Serpent Mound Introduce students to the culture responsible for creating the mound Introduce students to the culture responsible for creating the mound

4. Materials Needed Activity One- Activity One- Book- “Mystery of Serpent Mound” Book- “Mystery of Serpent Mound” Activity Two- Activity Two- Animal fur Animal fur Arrow heads Arrow heads Stone Stone Pieces of pottery Pieces of pottery flint flint Activity Three- Activity Three- Permission form for field trip Permission form for field trip Chaperones Chaperones

5. Materials Needed (continued) Activity Four- Activity Four- Clay Clay Rock Rock Soil Soil Paper plates or cardboard Paper plates or cardboard Water Water Activity Five- Activity Five- Paper and pencils Paper and pencils

6. Web Sites http://www.ohiohistory.org/places/serpent/ http://www.ohiohistory.org/places/serpent/ http://www.ohiohistory.org/places/serpent/ http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sit es/northamerica/serpent.html http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sit es/northamerica/serpent.html http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sit es/northamerica/serpent.html http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sit es/northamerica/serpent.html http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/serp/hd_s erp.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/serp/hd_s erp.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/serp/hd_s erp.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/serp/hd_s erp.htm http://rol.freenet.columbus.oh.us/indian.html http://rol.freenet.columbus.oh.us/indian.html http://rol.freenet.columbus.oh.us/indian.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_Mound http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_Mound http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpent_Mound

7. Activities Activity One- Activity One- I will introduce the lesson by reading sections from “The Mystery of Serpent Mound”. I will introduce the lesson by reading sections from “The Mystery of Serpent Mound”. Activity Two- Activity Two- I will have a sensory table; students will examine the items and discuss what each item may have been used for. I will have a sensory table; students will examine the items and discuss what each item may have been used for. Activity Three- Activity Three- Students will go on a field trip to Serpent Mound, located in Peebles, Ohio. Students will go on a field trip to Serpent Mound, located in Peebles, Ohio.

8. Activities Continued Activity Four- Activity Four- Students will design replicas of the Serpent Mound Students will design replicas of the Serpent Mound Activity Five- Activity Five- Students will write a news article about their findings at Serpent Mound to create a class newsletter Students will write a news article about their findings at Serpent Mound to create a class newsletter

9. What is Serpent Mound? Indian burial mound ¼ mile long Shaped like and uncoiling serpent The head appears to be eating an egg

10. What is Serpent Mound? (continued) Rock Rock Clay Clay Soil Soil The mound is 5 foot tall! The mound is 5 foot tall!

11. Who discovered Serpent Mound? Two men from Chillicothe, Ohio Two men from Chillicothe, Ohio Ephriam G. Squier-American Ephriam G. Squier-AmericanArcheologist Edwin H. Davis Edwin H. Davis Discovered in 1846 Discovered in 1846

12. Ephraim and Edwin Spent most of their time researching Indian mounds Spent most of their time researching Indian mounds Published a map to help bring attention to the mounds Published a map to help bring attention to the mounds This led to the excavation preformed by Frederick Putnam This led to the excavation preformed by Frederick Putnam

13. Frederick Putnam First archeologist to excavate the mound First archeologist to excavate the mound Displayed his findings at the Chicago World Fair in 1893 Displayed his findings at the Chicago World Fair in 1893 Became part owner of the Historical Society of Ohio Became part owner of the Historical Society of Ohio Helped preserve Serpent Mound Helped preserve Serpent Mound

14. Frederick Putnam wrote: "Reclining on one of the huge folds of this gigantic serpent, as the last rays of the sun, glancing from the distant hilltops, cast their long shadows over the valley, I mused on the probabilities of the past; and there seemed to come to me a picture of a distant time, of a people with strange customs, and with it came the demand for an interpretation of this mystery. The unknown must become known!"

15. What did archeologist find in the mound? pottery fragments pottery fragments Ashes Ashes burnt stone burnt stone animal bones animal bones

16. When was Serpent Mound built? Archeologist are still unsure of when the mounds were built. Archeologist are still unsure of when the mounds were built. Archeologists use to believe the mound was built between 500 BC- 200AD Archeologists use to believe the mound was built between 500 BC- 200AD Re-dating this mound suggest it may be dated between 950 AD- 1200 AD Re-dating this mound suggest it may be dated between 950 AD- 1200 AD

17. Where is Serpent Mound located? Peebles, Ohio Serpent Mound is located outside of Peebles, Ohio.

18. Who is responsible for building Serpent Mound? Because archeologist are unsure of when the mound was built, it is hard for them to tell who was responsible for building it. Because archeologist are unsure of when the mound was built, it is hard for them to tell who was responsible for building it. The mound was most likely built by the Adena, Hopewell, or Fort Ancient culture. The mound was most likely built by the Adena, Hopewell, or Fort Ancient culture.

19. The Adena culture First believed to be the builders of Serpent Mound. First believed to be the builders of Serpent Mound. Earliest of mound building cultures. Earliest of mound building cultures. Resided in Ohio, West Virginia, Pennyslvania, Kentucky, and New York. Resided in Ohio, West Virginia, Pennyslvania, Kentucky, and New York. The Adena culture changed and became known as the Hopewell culture. The Adena culture changed and became known as the Hopewell culture.

20. Why did the Adena culture build the mounds? Mounds were built to cover the remains of: Mounds were built to cover the remains of: Their chief Their chief Shamans Shamans Priest Priest Other honored dead Other honored dead

21. Serpent Mound Today It is still undecided what culture is responsible for the mound. It is still undecided what culture is responsible for the mound. The mound attracts people from all over the country. The mound attracts people from all over the country. Serpent Mound will always remain a mystery, but to some that is the beauty of the GREAT SERPENT MOUND! Serpent Mound will always remain a mystery, but to some that is the beauty of the GREAT SERPENT MOUND!

22. The End