1. MR OWEN 7TH GRADE AMERICAN HISTORY ICCS MIDDLE SCHOOL Chapter 14 – A New Spirit of Change (1830-1860)

2. Chapter 14 – A New Spirit of Change As industry and society grew and prospered in the US, millions of immigrants were drawn to the US from Europe in the mid-1800s, looking for a better life. After seeing rights for white males increase during the Age of Jackson, many women and African- Americans began to pursue their own civil and voting rights

3. Section 1 – The Hopes of Immigrants Vocabulary  Emigrant – a person who leaves a country  Immigrant – a person who settles in a new country  Push factor – reasons that a person might LEAVE a country  Pull factor – reasons a person might COME to a country  Nativist – native-born American who did not want the US influenced by foreign powers  Prejudice – negative opinion that is not based on facts  Know-Nothing Party – American political party of the 1850s that was against immigrants and Catholics

4. Coming to America As America continued to prosper, many new people wanted to come to the US from Europe  They left as ‘emigrants’ but when they arrived, they became ‘immigrants’ They came for many different reasons  Sometimes because they had to (they were pushed out)  Sometimes because they wanted to (they were pulled in) They came from different places in Western Europe  Before, most Americans had British ancestors  Now, people are coming from Germany & Ireland

7. Push Factors Pull Factors War No jobs Not enough food Slavery No political or religious freedom Bad living conditions Few opportunities Better opportunities Better living conditions Education Political and religious freedom Better land for farming Reasons for Immigration (page 452)

8. New Immigrants in America The new immigrants came to cities in the North where there were more jobs and opportunities The huge increase in people caused problems in the cities like overcrowding, crime and poor sanitation Not everyone was in favor of the new immigrants though  They faced anger and prejudice from nativist groups who did not want foreign influence in the US  The Know-Nothing Party was formed to support nativist ideas against immigrants but could not agree on slavery and quickly disappeared

10. Millard Fillmore (1849-1852) Born in New York to a very poor family and was self- educated at a young age Served in the House of Representative in the 1830s and joined the Whig party Picked by Zachary Taylor to be vice president but the two had never met and did not agree politically  Taylor’s sudden death made him president and  Sided with Democrats during the Compromise of 1850 and the Fugitive Slave Act, making him unpopular  He was against slavery personally but did nothing to try to end it; he wanted to preserve the Union Finished Taylor’s term but was not nominated in the 1852 election Joined the Know-Nothing Party after his presidency and criticized presidents Johnson and Lincoln for not maintaining the Union

11. Franklin Pierce (1852-1856) Son of a Revolutionary War hero from New Hampshire  Was a very successful lawyer as a young man Served in state government and US Congress before leading a volunteer force in the Mexican-American War Pierce was a very popular candidate and won in a landslide victory He made some very unpopular decisions though, such as the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and was replaced as the democratic candidate by James Buchannan in 1856

12. Homework Section assessment questions on page 455 #3, 4 Section 3 vocabulary on page 464

13. Section 3 – Abolition and Women’s Rights Vocabulary  Abolition – the movement to end slavery  Underground Railroad – series of escape routes used by slaves leaving the South  Suffrage – the right to vote  Seneca Falls Convention – convention for women’s rights held in Seneca Falls, New York People  Fredrick Douglas – African-American abolitionist and journalist who spoke out for slave’s rights  Sojourner Truth - African-American female abolitionist and journalist who spoke out for slave’s rights and women’s rights  Harriet Tubman – ‘conductor’ on the Underground Railroad who helped lead slaves to freedom  Elizabeth Cady Stanton – woman who helped organize the first women’s rights convention

14. Abolitionism What: the movement to end slavery; from the word ‘abolish’ meaning ‘to do away with’ or ‘destroy’ When: beginning in the late 1700s; more strongly in the mid-1800s Who: whites in the North; African-American leaders like Frederick Douglas and Sojourner Truth Where: most abolitionists came from the North How: journalists and political leaders wrote and gave speeches about the evils of slavery and encouraged people to push for its end Why: By the mid-1800, many people had come to disagree with slavery on moral grounds, believing it was wrong to ‘own’ another person

16. Helping Slaves Escape Some abolitionists helped slaves escape the South using the Underground Railroad  Harriet Tubman

18. Women’s Suffrage What: women fighting for the right to vote When: starting in the mid-1800s Who: abolitionists who also wanted women’s rights; Elizabeth Cady Stanton Where: in the North at first; first convention at Seneca Falls How: the women and other supporters at Seneca Falls made their own ‘Declaration of Independence’ saying the all “men AND women are created equal” and asking for more civil rights Why: people who were asking for African-American rights also realized women were not treated fairly either and everyone should have the same rights as white males

20. Homework Section assessment questions on page 471 # 3 &4 Key idea questions on page 474 - #9, 13 & 14 Key idea questions from chapter 13 - #16, 18, 20 & 23