1. Education From 1800-1860 Presentation by Caley, Crystal, and Millie

2. Why Reform? Undeveloped schools Increased Funding Racial Discrimination Gender Equality

3. Educational Problems Largest Problem- The teachers lacked training. The teachers were also unprepared. They acted more like babysitters than educators. Small overcrowded schoolhouses No desks Little to no teaching materials

4. Influential Reformers Noah Webster William McGuffey Horace Mann Henry Barnard These men all shared one goal. They all wanted to educate America’s youth as well as possible.

5. Noah Webster Unhappy with crowded American Schools Preferred American textbooks Wrote First American Dictionary Considered an American Hero for all his accomplishments

6. William McGuffey Compiler of the McGuffey Eclectic Series (a series of elementary readers placed in Western schools) His series greatly influenced American minds. The 120 million copies sold affected people from all walks of life.

7. Horace Mann “ Father of American Public School Education” Edited the “Common School Journal” Wrote 12 famous annual reports Secretary of the Massachusetts Commission to improve education (Later to become the State Board of Education) Believed- “No republic can endure unless its citizens are literate and educated.”

8. Henry Barnard Secretary of the Connecticut board of commissioners of common schools What did he do? 1.School Inspections 2.Recommended Textbooks 3.Organized teacher institutions and associations for parents and teachers. 4.Helped establish additional legislative measures on education One of the leaders in the movement to reform common schools of America.

9. Racial Inequality in Education Earliest form was given by Christian missionaries Southern states opposed education of their slaves. Pennsylvania started the education of other races, which eventually led to integration of public schools.

10. Women and their Education In the early 1800s, women couldn’t continue their education after grammar school. “Academies” were created for women and by women who wanted equality with men. Oberlin College, the first college to admit men and women (blacks and whites), provided women with an opportunity to receive a higher education for the first time.

11. Influential Women Mary Lyon Emma Willard Catharine Beecher All together led the Female Seminary Movement by starting schools for women’s education.

12. Effects of the Education Movement Formation of improved American schools Integration of public schools Establishment of new colleges First American-made textbooks Women’s Rights Movement Enhanced learning for people of all ages

13. Sources http://www.123helpme.com/preview.asp?id=37730 Divine, Robert. America- Past and Present. 8. New York: Pearson Education, Inc., 2007.\ http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-BarnardH.html http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agexed/aee501/mann.html http://www.phd.antioch.edu/Pages/horacemann http://www.lexrex.com/bios/nwebster.htm http://www.units.muohio.edu/mcguffeymuseum/mcguffey.html http://www.servintfree.net/~aidmn-ejournal/publications/2001- 11/PublicEducationInTheUnitedStates.html http://www.answers.com/topic/william-holmes-mcguffey www.readingnaacp.org/book_education_19thcentury.html http://www.angelfire.com/ca/HistoryGals/Linda.html http://www.nwhm.org/exhibits/Education/1800s.html Sniegoski, Stephen. The Department of Education. Chelsea House Publishers, 1988.