1. Greek Theatre

2. Dionysis Greek god of wine, fertility, and revelry Events of his life linked him to the cycle of the seasons and the recurring pattern of birth, maturity, death, and rebirth Worship of Dionysus promoted fertility, guaranteed the return of spring, and provided an ample harvest source: http://www.artsednet.getty.ed u/ArtsEdNet/Images/Beauty/ hermdioh-l.jpeg

3. City Dionysus Home of a large festival started by Peisistratus, ruler of Athens from 560-510 A.D. Festival where drama was first presented Known as the home of drama source: http://www.artsednet.getty.ed u/ArtsEdNet/Images/Beauty/ hermdioh-l.jpeg

4. source: http://didaskalia.berkeley.edu/stagecraft/TDA/tda_i7.html Parts of a Greek Amphitheatre

5. source: http://didaskalia.berkeley.edu/stagecraft/greek.html Parts of a Greek Amphitheatre Theatron “seeing place” where the audiences sat in seats carved into the mountainside source: http://didaskalia.berkeley.edu/stagecraft/TDA/tdamain.html

6. Parts of a Greek Amphitheatre Orchestra “dancing place” where the chorus, and later actors, performed. source: http://didaskalia.berkeley.edu/stagecraft/greek.html source: http://didaskalia.berkeley.edu/stagecraft/TDA/tdamain.html

7. Parts of a Greek Amphitheatre S kene source: http://didaskalia.berkeley.edu/stagecraft/TDA/tdamain.html

8. Parts of a Greek Amphitheatre Skene “little hut” or house at the back of the proskenion with one or more doors and an upper level used for the appearance of gods or to represent high places. Proskenion main acting area in front of the skene. source: http://didaskalia.berkeley.edu/stagecraft/greek.html

9. Parts of a Greek Amphitheatre source: http://didaskalia.berkeley.edu/stagecraft/TDA/tdamain.html

10. Parts of a Greek Amphitheatre Periaktoi 3-sided scenery which was rotated to change locale. Triangular prisms with a different scene painted on each of their three sides. Pinakes Painted panels similar to our modern flats.

11. Parts of a Greek Amphitheatre Eccyclema (Ekkyklema) A wagon for wheeling out bodies in tragedies. Rolled out of the skene because there was no violence allowed on stage. Deus ex machina “ god on machine” – a crane like device which lowered gods down to wrap up the story line.

12. Origin of Tragedy

13. 534 B.C. First theatre contest for the best tragedy at City Dionysia. Thespis is credited as being the first winner. also known as the first “actor” to step out of the chorus.

14. Origin of Tragedy Tragedy literally means “goat song” it was believed that the chorus danced for a goat as a prize or around a goat which was then sacrificed. emerged out of improvisations by the leaders of the dithyrambs. dithyramb: consisted of an improvised story, sung by the choral leader, and a refrain, sung by the chorus

15. Origin of Tragedy Actors & Acting Dithyramb /Chorus Consisted of a group of 50 men who chanted stories and danced in unison in the festival event. Words spoken by the chorus came to represent the opinions of the people. Importance of chorus reduced as actors moved out front.

16. Actors & Acting “Three actor rule” dictated that only 3 actors could perform at one time. To accommodate this rule, actors often portrayed more than one character. (Leaving and returning as a different character.) This rule was softened to allow supernatural characters to appear in non- speaking roles. Origin of Tragedy

17. Actors & Acting Greeks placed emphasis on voice. Actors were judged by the beauty of tone and ability to adapt to their speaking to the mood and character.

18. Actors & Acting Facial expression was of no importance. actors were always masked. gestures and movement were simplified and broadened so they could be seen from far away. Origin of Tragedy

19. Actors & Acting All players, except flute players, wore masks. Masks covered the entire head, thus included the appropriate hair style beard, ornaments, and other features.

20. Actors & Acting (masks cont.) Masks were made of stiffened linen, cork, carved wood, or leather. To shape the mask, the artist molded material around a marble face (like papier-mâché). These masks covered the entire head of the actor. The white of the eye was painted while the part of the pupil remained open for the actor to see the stage. Origin of Tragedy

21. Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.) Developed the first written discussion of tragedy. Origin of Tragedy

22. Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.) Definition of a Tragic Hero Comes from nobility Has a Tragic Flaw (simple mistake or a weakness in character) Encounters a reversal of fortune Suffers a downfall Recognizes flaw (in a catharsis)

23. Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.) Requirements for Plot/Action Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Denouement/Resolution Origin of Tragedy

25. Playwrights Aeschylus Earliest Greek tragedy playwright Added the 2 nd actor Wrote Orestia, a trilogy

26. Playwrights Sophocles Added the 3 rd actor Wrote Oedipus and Antigone

27. Aristotle’s Unities Aristotle described tragedy as "an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude." The Unities are: Action Place Time Origin of Tragedy

28. Aristotle’s Unities Action Action must have an identifiable beginning, middle, and end; a harmonious correlation of whole and parts; a series of events which follow one another inevitably and are related in sequence.

29. Origin of Tragedy Aristotle’s Unities Place action must be confined to a single geographical area. Time action must take place within the time frame of a single day.

30. The Six Elements of Drama from Aristotle's Poetics 1. Plot or mythos (refer to plot notes for more info) central conflict in the story in comedy, there must be poetic justice (bad guy “gets it” in the end. Origin of Tragedy

31. The Six Elements of Drama from Aritotle’s Poetics 2.Character or dianoia (see tragic hero notes for more info) protagonist – those for the idea antagonist – those against the idea neural – those required to be there to move the story along

32. The Six Elements of Drama from Aritotle’s Poetics 3.Thought or ethos Meanings Focus Ideas explored Origin of Tragedy

33. The Six Elements of Drama from Aritotle’s Poetics 4.Language/Diction or lexus The dialogue The poetry

34. Origin of Tragedy The Six Elements of Drama from Aristotle's Poetics 5.Music/Rhythm or melos all sound 6.Spectacle or opsis scenery and other visual elements

35. Playwrights Aristophanes Greek Comedy playwright most famous play is Lysistrata

36. Playwrights Euripedes emphasized realism de-emphasized chorus Wrote Medea and Trojan Women