1. English Grammar I
Unit 14: Conjunctions

2. Unit 14: Conjunctions
A conjunction is a word that joins two parts of a sentence. There are three types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and subordinating conjunctions.

3. Unit 14: Conjunctions 14.1 Coordinating conjunctions:
Coordinating conjunctions join similar elements. They join similar elements such as subject with subject; sentence with sentence. There are six coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor.

4. Unit 14: Conjunctions
And: and is used to join two similar ideas together.
The food is cheap and delicious.
John and his girlfriend are going snorkeling next week.
She lives in Kaohsiung and she studies at Cheng Shiu University.

5. Unit 14: Conjunctions
But : but is used to join two opposite ideas together.
The food is delicious but expensive.
Sue likes Japanese food but her husband doesn’t.

6. Unit 14: Conjunctions
Or :or is used to join two alterative ideas together.
Would you like some coffee or iced tea?
I can cook or we can order pizza.

7. Unit 14: Conjunctions
So: so is used to show the second idea is the result of the first one.
She was sick so she did not go to work.
It is raining so the game is cancelled.

8. Unit 14: Conjunctions
Nor: nor is used to join two negative ideas together.
Neither You nor she has to go.
He is neither smart nor diligent.

9. Unit 14: Conjunctions
For: for is used the same as because. Jim has a good chance to get into that company, for his father is the manager there.
Fanny was on clouds nine, for she won the spelling bee contest

10. Unit 14: Conjunctions Yet: yet is used as but.
My son plays volleyball well yet his favorite sport is basketball.
You room is small yet cozy.

11. Unit 14: Conjunctions
Exercise: Use a coordinating conjunction to complete each sentence
You can find toothpaste on aisle two __________ aisle three.
Bob is short _________ his brother is tall.
Sue is learning English ___________ she will be able to get a better job.

12. Unit 14: Conjunctions
Mesa was exhausted _______ she went to bed early.
Allen is thin; _________ he eats a lot.
The steak is delicious ______ expensive.
My roommate went to the party alone, ______ I refused to go with her.
Sally was cold ______ she put on a sweater.

13. Unit 14: Conjunctions 14-2 Correlative conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions always appear in pairs and are used to connect equivalent words, phrases, and clauses. They are listed as follows: “both…and”, “either… or”, “neither….nor”, “not only…but also”, “whether…or”

14. Unit 14: Conjunctions both…and
Both you and she were born in September.
She can speak French and Spanish.
either…or
She is coming either today or tomorrow.
Either your mother or father has to come to school tomorrow.

15. Unit 14: Conjunctions neither… nor
I have neither time nor money for vacation.
My father neither drinks nor smokes.
not only… but also
The bank robber not only killed two bank tellers but also took the money.
Ellen not only ate fried chicken but also a cheese burger for lunch.

16. Unit 14: Conjunctions Whether… or:
Sue can’t decide whether to go to law school or medical school.
I don’t know whether I should stay or leave.

17. Unit 14: Conjunctions 14.3 Subordinating Conjunctions:
Subordinating conjunctions connect a subordinate clause to a main clause.
Table 14.1: Subordinating Conjunctions

18. Unit 14: Conjunctions after as though if so that till although because
in order that
that
than as
before
now that
though
when
as if
even if
once
until
whereas
as long as
even though
since
unless
where

19. Unit 14: Conjunctions after:
I will tell you the truth after he leaves.
although:
Although it was raining, the game was still held on time.

20. Unit 14: Conjunctions though:
It was a well paid job, he quitted it though.
＊though can be used at the end of a sentence, however, “although” is often used at the beginning of a sentence.

21. Unit 14: Conjunctions
as: The word “as” has several different meanings.
1) You should do as what I told you.
2) As she left the room she turned off the light.
3) As the sun rises, the fog will disappear.

22. Unit 14: Conjunctions
as…if (as though): A conditional sentence should be used after “as if”
She spoke to me as if she had known me.
She behaved as if nothing had happened.

23. Unit 14: Conjunctions as long as:
As long as you promise you will love me for the rest of your life, I will marry you.
I will be here as long as you need me.

24. Unit 14: Conjunctions because:
Lily did not buy any Christmas gift for her mother because she had no money.
Vanessa was late for work because her car broke down again.

25. Unit 14: Conjunctions before:
Look over your paper again before you hand it in.
Think before you leap.

26. Unit 14: Conjunctions Even if:
Even if you take the taxi, you will still miss your train.
Even if you don’t like wine, you should try some.

27. Unit 14: Conjunctions even though:
Even though Karen has a master’s degree in business, she is unable to find a job.
Even though it is hard work, I enjoy it.

28. Unit 14: Conjunctions if: He is willing to come if he is invited.
Your father will be happy if he knows what you have achieved.

29. Unit 14: Conjunctions in order that:
The teacher explained the problem again in order that every student could understand it.
They talk in a low voice in order that they won’t be heard.

30. Unit 14: Conjunctions now that:
You should take a long vacation now that you have finished the work.
Now that you do not like dancing, you do not have to go to the party.

31. Unit 14: Conjunctions once:
Once you start to smoke, you will find it difficult to quit.
Physics is easy once you know its rule.
since: The word “since” has different meanings.
We haven’t heard from him since he moved to France.
Since she has an appointment with the dentist, Holly won’t go with us.

32. Unit 14: Conjunctions so that:
She left the party early so that she could catch the last train.
Erik saves every penny he makes so that he can buy a house in the future.

33. Unit 14: Conjunctions until:
The farmer did not go home until the sun went down.
Mrs. Gray did not go to bed until her husband was found.

34. Unit 14: Conjunctions unless:
You won’t stop coughing unless you take some medicine.
I won’t forgive you unless you apologize.

35. Unit 14: Conjunctions when:
He was driving more than 70MPH when a policeman stopped him.
I was taking a shower when you called.

36. Unit 14: Conjunctions while: We visited Louver while we were in London
We should work hard while we are young.

37. Unit 14: Conjunctions Whereas:
Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.
The old rules were complex whereas the new ones are simple.

38. Unit 14: Conjunctions
14.3 Exercises: Use an appropriate subordinating conjunction to complete each sentence.
Mr. Wang will be in charge of the company _______ the president comes back.
Your first question was easy _________ the second one was quite difficult.

39. Unit 14: Conjunctions
She didn’t do well in the final ________ she did not study.
____________ you can’t answer my question, I will ask someone else.
__________ you start to read the novel, you will like it.
__________ I did my best, I lost the game.
Mrs. Lee will stay with you ________ your parents pick you up.

40. Unit 14: Conjunctions Students will be happy ______ the test is over.
________ you have decided to do it, you have to do it well.
She won’t leave the TV _________ the dinner is on the table.
I will go by plane _________ I can save some time.
Martin majored in biology ____________ at school.