1. Biomaterial production A. Rouilly & C. Vaca-Garcia INPT

2. Potentiality of industrial use of oil-cakes to make materials Huge ressource [Cetiom, 2007] European production of oilcakes in 2005: Sunflower: 2.2 Mt Rapeseed: 7.7 Mt Soybean: 10.9 Mt High potentiality Very low quoted price ≈ 150 euros/ton for sunflower & rapeseed Low tonnage for materials applications: no competition with food or feed

3. Plastic properties of oilseed protein Storage protein –Main non-lignocellulosic component –Two main globulin fraction: 11S & 7S –Protein content in oilcake: ≈30% Protein-based materials [Rouilly, 2002 + many references] –Film by casting: easy, all sources of protein –Film by hot pressing: good mechanical properties, all sources of protein –Particle boards: protein as binder –Injection-molding & extrusion: soy & sunflower protein Complicated rheological behaviour

4. Injection-molding of sunflower oilcakes Methodology: [Rouilly, 2002 + 2 PhD thesis] –Twin screw extrusion process: defibration, texturation of protein & compounding –Classical injection-molding‏ Materials –Properties are density driven –Tensile properties: UTS up to 12 MPa E y up to 2 GPa –Interesting moisture resistance

5. Examples

6. Industrial perspective (1/3) Cost estimate of compounds –Based on Agromat equipment –0,56 €/Kg (≈ half a basic plastic)

7. Industrial perspective (2/3) Injection-molding –Based on flower pots production –Cycle time: ≈ 30s –Specific Know-How

8. Industrial perspective (3/3) Environmental benefits of natural biocomposites –Biodegradable material –No waste –Low Carbone Balance®

9. Conclusion occurrence of lignocellulosic fibers avoids the complete coagulation of proteins and facilitates processes like extrusion or injection-molding mechanical properties of oil cake-based materials are lower than for similar starch-based composites but they possess a natural resistance to moisture that should broaden the field of applications, especially for horticulture the economical and environmental assessments of oil cakes-based are really good

10. Outlooks rapeseed and linseed should be tested to evaluate the real potentials and the influence of some specific factors: polyphenolic compounds, amino acid composition, specific constituent (e.g. mucilage, starch..) the “melt” rheological behavior of oilseed protein is not controlled (cross-linking, kinetic factor...) improvement of oil cake-based materials should be investigated, the protein enrichment of the oil extraction by-product could be an interesting way