1. Section I: Spain's Power Grows in Europe (Pages 384-390) This section is about: This section is about: The dominance of the Hapsburg Empire during the height of Spain ’ s political power. The dominance of the Hapsburg Empire during the height of Spain ’ s political power. How England emerged as a political power by defeating the Spanish Armada. How England emerged as a political power by defeating the Spanish Armada.

2. We should read most of what ’ s on page 384: it sums up the rulers at the beginning of this time pretty well. (So does the picture on these 2 pages) Also before we start: lets see if we can link the last statement to events today: “ These issues included the successes and failures of… ” A) …monarchy as a system of government. B) …the links between religion and the state. C) …the efforts to prevent any nation from gaining too much power in Europe.

3. Spain ’ s Power Grows in Europe (Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire) For the “ Main Ideas ” on page 386: I think we mostly remember A and C. For the “ Main Ideas ” on page 386: I think we mostly remember A and C. The second one is new to most places we ’ ve looked at: limited power of authority? The second one is new to most places we ’ ve looked at: limited power of authority? At the time, a single family - the Hapsburgs – ruled the area of Austria for about 600 years (and spreading it ’ s influence all over Europe). At the time, a single family - the Hapsburgs – ruled the area of Austria for about 600 years (and spreading it ’ s influence all over Europe).

4. The Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire: controlled Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and parts of France and Italy for about a 1000 years (since Charlemagne in 800). The Holy Roman Empire: controlled Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and parts of France and Italy for about a 1000 years (since Charlemagne in 800). The Holy Roman Emperors were originally appointed by the Pope, and then by princes in the empire. The Holy Roman Emperors were originally appointed by the Pope, and then by princes in the empire. Germany was the center of this empire, but they weren ’ t just one country – they had many sections (states) with many people in charge of the different sections. Germany was the center of this empire, but they weren ’ t just one country – they had many sections (states) with many people in charge of the different sections. The Hapsburgs were one of the more powerful of these groups. The Hapsburgs were one of the more powerful of these groups. But they did have some limited power – especially when dealing with the Pope. But they did have some limited power – especially when dealing with the Pope.

5. The Growth of Hapsburg Influence Dynasties of the time could expand their power in three different ways: marriages, military campaigns, or inheritances. Dynasties of the time could expand their power in three different ways: marriages, military campaigns, or inheritances. “Maximilian I” did all 3: married a woman from France, inherited the kingdom of Castile (In Spain – and then their son married Ferdinand and Isabella ’ s daughter), and then won some wars. “Maximilian I” did all 3: married a woman from France, inherited the kingdom of Castile (In Spain – and then their son married Ferdinand and Isabella ’ s daughter), and then won some wars. ……………….. ………………..

6. When it was time for Philip and Juana ’ s son to claim his inheritance, he was going to be one of the most powerful rulers in the western world: His name: ? When it was time for Philip and Juana ’ s son to claim his inheritance, he was going to be one of the most powerful rulers in the western world: His name: ? Charles V Charles V Charles I Charles I He also controlled parts of the Netherlands, southern Italy, the entire Spanish empire in the Americas. He also controlled parts of the Netherlands, southern Italy, the entire Spanish empire in the Americas. His brother was even made king of Hungary and Bohemia – more power for the Hapsburgs. His brother was even made king of Hungary and Bohemia – more power for the Hapsburgs. Roman emperor King of Spain Both

7. The Reign of Charles V Charles thought he had complete authority, but he didn ’ t. Charles thought he had complete authority, but he didn ’ t. The Reformation was going on – so many German states became Protestant Lutheran (they could each choose). This was called “ The Peace of Augsburg. ” The Reformation was going on – so many German states became Protestant Lutheran (they could each choose). This was called “ The Peace of Augsburg. ” Although he was a skillful warrior, he preferred to make peace agreements (which didn ’ t always work out for him). Although he was a skillful warrior, he preferred to make peace agreements (which didn ’ t always work out for him). Charles V eventually gave up his position as Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V eventually gave up his position as Holy Roman Emperor. He left part of his empire to his son (Phillip II) and the other part to his brother (Ferdinand I) – and the Hapsburgs were now split into two “ branches. ” He left part of his empire to his son (Phillip II) and the other part to his brother (Ferdinand I) – and the Hapsburgs were now split into two “ branches. ”

8. The Golden Age in Spain Under Phillip II, Spain reached its greatest power and influence. Under Phillip II, Spain reached its greatest power and influence. This was a “ Golden Age of Spain ” : with renaissance arts, writings (Don Quixote), plays, painting (El Greco, Diego Velasquez (next page), Bartolome Murillo) etc… This was a “ Golden Age of Spain ” : with renaissance arts, writings (Don Quixote), plays, painting (El Greco, Diego Velasquez (next page), Bartolome Murillo) etc…

9. Phillip II and Rule by Divine Right Phillip II was a tough ruler – and he believed in divine right. Phillip II was a tough ruler – and he believed in divine right. (The right to rule came from God, and not from the consent or approval of the people). (The right to rule came from God, and not from the consent or approval of the people). He ruled in an absolute monarchy: the ruler has no limits from laws or a constitution. He ruled in an absolute monarchy: the ruler has no limits from laws or a constitution. …………….. …………….. The Handmaidens of the Infanta Margharita in the Household of Philip IV

10. Margaret Theresa of Spain was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess consort of Austria, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. She was the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and his second wife Mariana of Austria. She was the elder sister of Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs. Margaret Theresa of Spain was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Archduchess consort of Austria, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. She was the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain and his second wife Mariana of Austria. She was the elder sister of Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs. At center stands the exquisite Infanta Margarita At center stands the exquisite Infanta Margarita To the right appear two “ playmates ” to the princess; one of them, teases a sleepy mastiff. To the right appear two “ playmates ” to the princess; one of them, teases a sleepy mastiff. Just behind, a lady-in-waiting to the queen chats with an unnamed gentleman, while beyond the queen's chamberlain pauses to look back. Just behind, a lady-in-waiting to the queen chats with an unnamed gentleman, while beyond the queen's chamberlain pauses to look back. And poised at left before his easel, with palette lowered and paintbrush frozen in midair, the artist himself gazes intently out, most likely at Philip IV and his wife, Marianna of Austria, whose likenesses are captured in a shimmering, distant looking glass. And poised at left before his easel, with palette lowered and paintbrush frozen in midair, the artist himself gazes intently out, most likely at Philip IV and his wife, Marianna of Austria, whose likenesses are captured in a shimmering, distant looking glass. The real painting a metaphoric mirror of its own creation—or, more likely, depict the king and queen who have assumed a formal portrait stance beneath a florid red drapery. Yet if they are posing in the studio, why is their presence only beginning to be acknowledged? The real painting a metaphoric mirror of its own creation—or, more likely, depict the king and queen who have assumed a formal portrait stance beneath a florid red drapery. Yet if they are posing in the studio, why is their presence only beginning to be acknowledged? “ Perhaps the greatest masterpiece of the Golden Age of Spanish art ”

11. Phillip II was also determined to keep the Roman Catholic faith a big part of his rule. Phillip II was also determined to keep the Roman Catholic faith a big part of his rule. After his first wife died, Phillip II married Mary Tudor – the Queen of England (and the daughter of Henry VIII). After his first wife died, Phillip II married Mary Tudor – the Queen of England (and the daughter of Henry VIII). This also meant Phillip (a Roman Catholic) was now King of England (with a lot of English Protestants). This also meant Phillip (a Roman Catholic) was now King of England (with a lot of English Protestants). Mary tried to get the English to go back to being Roman Catholic. Mary tried to get the English to go back to being Roman Catholic. Remember “ Bloody Mary ” ? – this is her. Remember “ Bloody Mary ” ? – this is her. When she died, her daughter – Elizabeth I took over. When she died, her daughter – Elizabeth I took over.

12. The Revolt of the Netherlands Phillip also had some problems with the Dutch. Phillip also had some problems with the Dutch. Many of them were Protestant Calvinists. Many of them were Protestant Calvinists. Phillip II was actually at war with his own people over this for about 20 years - with the Dutch trying to get their independence. Phillip II was actually at war with his own people over this for about 20 years - with the Dutch trying to get their independence. “ Soldiers Plundering a Farmhouse ”

13. England Enters the World Stage One of Queen Elizabeth I ’ s biggest challenges: keep religion from tearing apart her country. One of Queen Elizabeth I ’ s biggest challenges: keep religion from tearing apart her country. She was successful – and also won a victory against Roman Catholic Spain – leading to England becoming the major European power of the time. She was successful – and also won a victory against Roman Catholic Spain – leading to England becoming the major European power of the time.

14. Roman Catholics and Protestants In the 1500 ’ s, The Anglican Church (Christian Church) became England ’ s dominant religion – over the Roman Catholics and Calvinists. In the 1500 ’ s, The Anglican Church (Christian Church) became England ’ s dominant religion – over the Roman Catholics and Calvinists. At the time, Phillip II (Roman Catholic) was going to have his brother (Don Juan) invade England (from the Netherlands), but D.J. died. At the time, Phillip II (Roman Catholic) was going to have his brother (Don Juan) invade England (from the Netherlands), but D.J. died. Elizabeth knew about this and formed an alliance with some of the Dutch. Elizabeth knew about this and formed an alliance with some of the Dutch. The Queen of Scotland (Mary, Queen of Scots) was also plotting to come after Elizabeth. The Queen of Scotland (Mary, Queen of Scots) was also plotting to come after Elizabeth. She was discovered, charged with treason, and executed in 1587. She was discovered, charged with treason, and executed in 1587. ………... ………... (betraying your country)

16. The Defeat of the Spanish Armada Now it was time for Spain (Phillip II) and England to go at it. Now it was time for Spain (Phillip II) and England to go at it. The Spanish fleet (the Armada) sailed for England – 130 ships, 30,000 men, and 2,400 weapons. The Spanish fleet (the Armada) sailed for England – 130 ships, 30,000 men, and 2,400 weapons. The English (with lighter ships, and more heavily armed) met them in the English Channel. The English (with lighter ships, and more heavily armed) met them in the English Channel. ……… ……… Horrible Histories: The Armada

17. After a few smaller battles, the Spanish Armada anchored in Calais, France (they were supposed to get some help from Flanders (Belgium today). After a few smaller battles, the Spanish Armada anchored in Calais, France (they were supposed to get some help from Flanders (Belgium today). The English caught up to them, and set fire to many of their anchored ships. The English caught up to them, and set fire to many of their anchored ships. They sat and waited to attack the other ships which tried to leave. They sat and waited to attack the other ships which tried to leave. The remaining Spanish ships had to go out of their way to go back home, and they hit terrible storms. The remaining Spanish ships had to go out of their way to go back home, and they hit terrible storms. Only about half the Spanish Armada made it back home. Only about half the Spanish Armada made it back home. ………………… …………………

18. England and the Netherlands would remain independent – and be left alone. England and the Netherlands would remain independent – and be left alone. The English and the Dutch both were powerful enough to go exploring (the East Indies). The English and the Dutch both were powerful enough to go exploring (the East Indies). England and the Netherlands began building some colonies in the Americas. England and the Netherlands began building some colonies in the Americas. England was taking over (from Spain) as a world power. England was taking over (from Spain) as a world power.