1. Colonialism/Imperialism Jae Lee, Jeemin Han, Kaila Kim English A April 21, 2009

2. Preview The age of modern colonialism began in about the 16 th century The age of modern colonialism began in about the 16 th century Sea power shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic to discover new lands and by discovery, conquest, and settlement, to expand the nations, spreading European institutions and culture throughout the world. Sea power shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic to discover new lands and by discovery, conquest, and settlement, to expand the nations, spreading European institutions and culture throughout the world.

3. Definition of Colonialism The control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people. Noun

4. Examples of Colonialism The Roman Empire and the European Empires are examples of colonialism. The Roman Empire and the European Empires are examples of colonialism. – They were formed because of colonialism. Spain’s control of Cuba and Puerto Rico until 1898, and Britain’s control of Barbados until 1966. Spain’s control of Cuba and Puerto Rico until 1898, and Britain’s control of Barbados until 1966.

5. Definition of Imperialism The policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. Noun

6. Examples of Imperialism France, Britain, and Germany are examples of the three main Imperialist powers in Africa. They all took over parts of Africa to help their economy. France, Britain, and Germany are examples of the three main Imperialist powers in Africa. They all took over parts of Africa to help their economy.

8. Discussion Question Number 1 What’s the difference between Colonialism and Imperialism? What’s the difference between Colonialism and Imperialism? Not much difference, except colonialism is always an imperialist act while imperialism is not always a colonial act. Not much difference, except colonialism is always an imperialist act while imperialism is not always a colonial act.

9. How does this apply to Nigeria? From 1850 to 1960, the British had colonial power over Nigeria. From 1850 to 1960, the British had colonial power over Nigeria. – Nigeria became a country because of British colonialism. This brought diverse people from different regions together into one country. This brought diverse people from different regions together into one country. They asserted foreign control over Nigeria for economic purposes, and educated the people there to follow British standards of “the proper way to think.” They asserted foreign control over Nigeria for economic purposes, and educated the people there to follow British standards of “the proper way to think.” – They also brought Christianity to Nigeria, and tried to put their own people in places of power in some Nigerian governments. They also began slave trade and slavery within Nigeria. Therefore, both imperialism and colonialism apply to Nigeria. They also began slave trade and slavery within Nigeria. Therefore, both imperialism and colonialism apply to Nigeria.

10. Quote “But stories were already gaining ground that the white man had not only brought a religion but also a government”. Pg 155, second paragraph. “But stories were already gaining ground that the white man had not only brought a religion but also a government”. Pg 155, second paragraph. White man brought a religion and a government. White man brought a religion and a government. Shows an early form of imperialism, as they are now bringing in a new religion and a new type of government. Shows an early form of imperialism, as they are now bringing in a new religion and a new type of government.

11. Discussion Question Number 2 Was Great Britain colonizing Nigeria bad? Was Great Britain colonizing Nigeria bad? Actually the good and bad are balanced. Actually the good and bad are balanced. – Good: New technology. New technology. Brought people together as a country. Brought people together as a country. – Bad Nearly eliminated religious and cultural practices. Nearly eliminated religious and cultural practices. Allowed slave trade to begin. Allowed slave trade to begin. Created boundaries for the country. Created boundaries for the country.

12. Nigeria Jae Lee, Jeemin Han, Kaila Kim

13. Basic Facts about Nigeria Constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria independence in 1960. Constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria independence in 1960. After 16 years of military rule, a new constitution in 1999 allowed a peaceful transition to civilian government. After 16 years of military rule, a new constitution in 1999 allowed a peaceful transition to civilian government. The government is attempting to reform a petroleum-based economy. The government is attempting to reform a petroleum-based economy. Nigeria still has longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Nigeria still has longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Currently, Nigeria is experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. Currently, Nigeria is experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of April 2007, marked the first civilian- to-civilian transfer of power in the country’s history. The general elections of April 2007, marked the first civilian- to-civilian transfer of power in the country’s history.

14. Geography Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Geographic coordinates: 10 00 N, 8 00 E Geographic coordinates: 10 00 N, 8 00 E Area: Area: – Total: 923, 768 sq km – Land: 910, 768 sq km – Water: 13,000 sq km Land boundaries: Land boundaries: – Total: 4,047 km – Border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1947 km. Coastline: 853 km. Coastline: 853 km. Climate Climate Varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north. Varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north. Terrain: Terrain: Southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north. Southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north.

15. Geography (cont.) Elevation extremes: Elevation extremes: – Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m – Highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m Natural Resources: Natural Resources: – Natural gas, Petroleum, Tin, Iron ore, Coal, Limestone, Niobium, Lead, Zinc, Arable land Land use: Land use: – Arable land: 33.02%, permanent crops: 3.14%, other: 63.84% Irrigated land: 2820 sq km Irrigated land: 2820 sq km Natural hazards: periodic droughts; flooding Natural hazards: periodic droughts; flooding Current issues-Environment Current issues-Environment – soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization

16. Geographical Note The Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea

17. Map of Nigeria

18. Population 149,229,090 people. 149,229,090 people. – 0-14 years: 41.5% (male 31,624,050/female 30,242,637) – 15-64 years: 55.5% (male 42,240,641/female 40,566,672) – 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 2,211,840/female 2,343,250) (2009 est.)

19. People Population Growth rate: 1.999% (2009 est.) Population Growth rate: 1.999% (2009 est.) Birth rate: 37.23 births/1,000 population (2008 est.) Birth rate: 37.23 births/1,000 population (2008 est.) Death rate: 16.88 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.) Death rate: 16.88 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.) Sex ratio: Sex ratio: – at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female – under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female – 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female – 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female – total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

20. Discussion Question Number Three What is the current religious crisis in Nigeria about? What is the current religious crisis in Nigeria about? – Christianity and Muslim belief. – Sharia Law – Nigerian Constitution

21. Quote ‘But the year had gone mad. Rain fell as it had never fallen before.” pg. 24, second paragraph. ‘But the year had gone mad. Rain fell as it had never fallen before.” pg. 24, second paragraph. From this quote, it shows the climate of Nigeria. From this quote, it shows the climate of Nigeria. – It shows a tropic climate, with changing amounts of rainfall depending on the situation. – Some years, they may have a normal rainfall. Others they may have an unusual rainfall.

22. Bibliography "Colonialism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 20 Apr. 2009. "Colonialism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 20 Apr. 2009. "Colonialism, Western." Encyclopedia Britannica. 20 Apr. 2009. "Colonialism, Western." Encyclopedia Britannica. 20 Apr. 2009. "Difference between colonialism and imperialism ? - Yahoo! Answers India." Yahoo! Answers India. 20 Apr. 2009. "Difference between colonialism and imperialism ? - Yahoo! Answers India." Yahoo! Answers India. 20 Apr. 2009. Ihuegbu, Nnamdi. ""Colonialism and Independence:Â Nigeria as a Case Study"Â by Nnamdi Ihuegbu." Southern Connecticut State University Home. 20 Apr. 2009. Ihuegbu, Nnamdi. ""Colonialism and Independence:Â Nigeria as a Case Study"Â by Nnamdi Ihuegbu." Southern Connecticut State University Home. 20 Apr. 2009. "Nigeria." CIA, The World Factbook. 20 Apr. 2009. "Nigeria." CIA, The World Factbook. 20 Apr. 2009.

23. Bibliography (Cont.) "Scramble for Africa." Imperialism in Africa. 20 Apr. 2009. "Scramble for Africa." Imperialism in Africa. 20 Apr. 2009. "Sharia Crisis in Nigeria." Philip Emeagwali. 20 Apr. 2009. "Sharia Crisis in Nigeria." Philip Emeagwali. 20 Apr. 2009. "WikiAnswers - Is imperialism good or bad for Nigeria." WikiAnswers - The Q&A wiki. 20 Apr. 2009. "WikiAnswers - Is imperialism good or bad for Nigeria." WikiAnswers - The Q&A wiki. 20 Apr. 2009. "colonialism definition | Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com. 20 Apr. 2009. "colonialism definition | Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com. 20 Apr. 2009. "imperialism definition | Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com. 20 Apr. 2009. "imperialism definition | Dictionary.com." Dictionary.com. 20 Apr. 2009.