1. Latin Phrase Casus Belli A cause for war.

2. Quiz 1. Give English for Amor Vincit Omnia. 2. Give English for Semper Paratus. 3.Give English for Semper Fidelis. 4.Give English for Iustitia Omnibus. 5.Give English for Caveat Emptor 6.Give English for “Ad infinitum.” 7.Give English for “Nolo Contendere.” 8.Give English for “Labor Omnia Vincit.” 9.Give English for “ Quid pro quo.” 10.Give English for “sine qua non.”

3. Quiz 8 April 15, 2013 (A-Day) April 16, 2013 (B-Day)

4. Chapter 8 Ablatives of Manner, Instrument, Separation, Place from Which, Ablative of place where; Accusative of place to which 3 rd Conjugation: present active and passive

5. Ablatives of Manner, Instrument, Separation, Place from Which Ablative of Manner The Manner of an action is expressed by the Ablative case. In Latin the ablative case may be used with or without the preposition cum (with) to express the way or manner. E.g: I see my friend with joy. N. B Cum is required when the noun in the ablative is not modified by an adjective; when it is modified, cum is optional. e.g: I see my friend with joy.Amicum meum cum gaudio video. I see my friend with great joy. Amicum meum magno gaudio video.

6. Ablative of Instrument (also called the ablative of means) The ablative is used to express the means or instrument by which an action is performed. In English we almost always use the preposition by or with to express this, but in Latin, no preposition is used. e.g: The farmers fight with swords. Agricolae gladiis pugnant. He frightened the women with a torch. Feminas taeda terruit.

7. Ablative of Agent The agent or person who performs the action of a passive verb is regularly expressed in the ablative case preceded by the preposition a or ab, “by.” e.g: The girl is loved by the farmer. Puella a agricola amatur. I am hit by a car.

8. Ablative of separation This type of ablative is used with verbal expressions of freeing, lacking and separation. The prepositions ā away from, ē from, out of, or de, from, down from, are sometimes used with this construction, but more usually the ablative occurs alone. The king frees the slaves from the island. Rex servos de insula liberat. I am freeing the poets from fear. Poetas ā timore libero.

9. Ablative of place from which In order to express place from which, the ablative is used with the prepositions ā,ē or de. But with names of towns, cities, and small islands, no preposition is used. e.g: Ab Italia venit. He came from Italy. Roma venit.He came from Rome.

10. Ablative of Place Where Accusative of Place to Which Ablative of Place Where “Place where” is expressed by the ablative case with the preposition in. e.g: We are in the temple. In templo sumus. We live in the house. In domo habitamus. Accusative of Place to Which “Place to which” is expressed by the accusative case, usually with the prepositions ad or in. e.g: They are sailing to Italy. Ad Italiam navigant. I am walking into the house. In domum ambulo.

11. Ablative of manner: Ablative is used to describe manner of the action. She is greeting us with joy. Ablative of instrument: Express the instrument by which an action is performed. No preposition required. He fights with sword. Ablative of Agent: The performer is expressed in the ablative case preceded by the preposition a or ab, “by.” Latin is taught by the slaves. Ablative of separation: Some verbs express or imply separation are accompanied by the ablative case. ā, ē, de The king frees the slaves from the island. Ablative of place from which: express place from which: ā, ē, de, ex He came from Italy. He is walking away from the road.

12. For each of the following sentences, indicate which use of the ablative case is illustrated by the underlined phrase. A.Ablative of manner B. Ablative of instrumentC. Ablative of agentD. Ablative of separationE. Ablative of place from which 1.Once, a priestess named Gabinia was unjustly accused and nearly died. 2.You will save many families with food. 3.Most Vestals, however, were greatly respected by the Romans. 4.You are seizing the island with battles. 5.He will announce the great victory of the queen by letter. 6.Marcus calls the servants out of the house. 7.The bad soldiers carry much loot away from the island. 8.I was hit by a stone.

13. 9.He was liked by everybody. 10.The game will be won by our team. 11.The note had been written by hand. 12.I shall go with the poet with the greatest pleasure. 13.We can work with greater success with this equipment. 14.I am free from slavery. 15.You are freeing yourself from fear. 16.They honored their patron goddess with a perpetual flame that they tended with great enthusiasm. 17.Sometimes, however, a Vestal Virgin who failed in her duties was publicly chastened and afflicted with a severe punishment. 18.The Greeks can be saved by means of wooden walls.

14. 19.Write a sentence using ablative of manner. 20.Write a sentence using ablative of agent.

15. Amo, amare, amavi, amatus to love Teneo, tenēre, tenui, -tum to hold Peto, petĕre, petivi, petitumto seek, Sentio, sentire, sensi, sensum to feel

16. Formula for conjugating 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd conjugation verbs in present active and passive 1 st and 2 nd Conjugation verbs Present active: 2 nd pp-re+o, s, t, mus, tis,nt Present passive: 2 nd pp-re+ r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur Amo, amare, amavi, -tum to love 3 rd Conjugation verbs Present active: 1 st pp-o+o, is, it, imus, itis,unt Present passive: 1 st pp-o+ or, eris, itur, imur, imini, untur Peto, petere, petevi to seek

17. 3 rd conjugation verbs Present Active and passive Peto, petere, petivi, petitum to seek Present Active Present Passive SingularDefinitionPluralDefinition 1 st personPetoI seekPetimusWe seek 2 nd personPetisYou seekPetitisYou all seek 3 rd personPetitHe seeksPetuntThey seek SingularDefinitionPluralDefinition 1 st personPetorI am sought PetimurWe are sought 2 nd personPeterisYou are sought PetiminiYou all are sought 3 rd personPetiturHe is sought PetunturThey are sought

18. Conjugate the following 3 rd conjugation verbs in both present active and passive. You must also define each word. In class: Intellego, intellegere, intellexi, intellectun to understand Dico, dicere, dixi, dictum to say Homework: Decerno, decernere, decrevi, decretum to decide Vinco, vincere, vici, victum to defeat