1. Malnutrition Signs and Symptoms Risk Groups

2. Hunger Hunger is a recurrent, involuntary lack of access to food. Hunger may produce malnutrition over time. Dietz, W.H., & Trowbridge, F.L. (1990, August). Symposium on the identification and prevalence of undernutrition in the United States: Introduction. The Journal of Nutrition, 120(8), 917-918. (p. 917).

3. Malnutrition Inappropriate nutrient consumption Impairment of physical and mental health for an individual Low productivity for communities

4. Undernutrition (general) Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) Mild—stunting, underweight Severe—reduced head circumference, wasting, starvation Hidden hungers (vitamin and mineral deficiencies)

5. Chronically Undernourished 842 Million Worldwide

6. Stunted Children 215 Million Worldwide

7. Underweight Children 180 Million Worldwide

8. Wasting and Starvation Wasting—person seriously below the normal weight for her or his height due to lack of food Starvation—person exhibits extreme or prolonged lack of food Deterioration and ultimate death

9. The Realities of PEM kwashiorkormarasmus

10. Hidden Hungers May have adequate protein and calories Lack vitamins and minerals Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA)

11. Iodine Deficiency Disorders GoiterCretinism

12. Iron Deficiency Anemia anemianormal blood

13. Vitamin A Reproduction Growth and cellular differentiation Development of mucus-forming cells Resistance to infection Xerophthalmia

14. Populations At-risk Poor Refugees Parasite-infected Infants and children Women