1. Nutritional Deficiency Diseases

2. Nutritional Diseases
Malnutrition: Lack of essential nutrients; ie vitamins, minerals, amino acids
Undernourishment: Lack of food energy (calories).
WHO estimates that half of the world’s population is malnourished in some form
Can you be overnourished and malnourished at the same time?

3. Diseases of Malnourishment
Marasmus: progressive emaciation due to lack of protein & calories preventing growth.
Cause of 49% of the 10.4 million deaths occurring in children younger than 5 years in developing countries.
Kwashiorkor: lack of protein in diet, leading to failure of neural development.
“the sickness the older child gets when the next baby is born”
Characterized by bloated belly
Chronic hunger: enough food to stay alive, but not be productive

4. Child w/Kwashiorkor
Child w/Marasmus

5. Noma, Cancrum oris Cause: under/malnutrition
Problem: secondary infection; mucous membranes become inflamed and develop ulcers, often in the mouth

6. Anemia Cause: iron deficiency, decrease in the number of RBCs
Problem: fatigue, irritability, shortness of breath, constant headache

7. Beriberi Cause: lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Problem: heart and nervous system damage, muscle wasting, brain damage

8. Cretinism & Goiter Goiter Cretinism Causes: lack of iodine
Causes: lack of iodine during pregnancy
Problem: physical & mental retardation, stunted growth
Goiter
Causes: lack of iodine
Problem: deafness, fatigue, weight gain, enlarged thyroid

9. Pellagra Cause: lack of niacin
Problem: dermatitis, weakness, intestinal distress, neurologic manifestations, organ failure

10. Osteoporosis
Cause: lack of calcium and/or vitamin D (prevents absorption of calcium)
Problem: weak bones, fractures, decrease bone density

11. Rickets Cause: lack of vitamin D
Problem: softening and weakening of bones from release of calcium from bones

12. Scurvy Cause: lack of vitamin C
Problem: irritability, swelling and hemorrhage especially over long bones, death from hemorrhage and cardiac failure

13. Xerophthalmia
Cause: vitamin A deficiency
Problem: blindness

14. Zinc deficiency Cause: diet deficient in zinc
Problem: poor wound healing, bone deformities, dwarfism, hyperpigmentation, fetal abnormalities, immune system failure