1. The First Communities
Lesson 1

2. Earth and the First People
Human like creatures appeared perhaps 1 to 2 million years ago
These early humans used simple tools they made from stone
This was the beginning of the OLD STONE AGE—the beginning of human history.

3. Earth and the First People
The OLD STONE AGE lasted until about 10,000 years ago (c B.C.E)
The first modern humans lived in world that was quite cold
Glaciers covered most of the land (ICE AGE)
From time to time Earth would get warmer

4. Earth and the First People
The first human like beings emerged in Africa
From there they would fan out to other continents
They would adapt to the environments they found

5. Check for Understanding
What happened during the Old Stone Age?
A. Earth was hot, glowing ball
B. Humans used simple tools
C. Humanlike creatures first appeared
D. Life began in the water

6. Check for Understanding
What happened during the Ice Age?
A. Glaciers covered most of the land
B. The oceans rose and fell
C. Life on land was fairly easy
D. Modern humans appeared

7. Living as Hunters and Gatherers
Nomads were always looking for new caves to stay in
Men would hunt and use the only weapons available, KNIVES and SPEARS\
Some may have sharp tips, or be carved out of animal bone

8. Living as Hunters and Gatherers
Women and children gathered food
Berries, nuts, and fruit
They would use sticks to dig up roots
Homes were very simple
Caves, tents made of animal hides (skins), huts made of branches

9. Living as Hunters and Gatherers
Some caves have paintings of animals that were hunted
The paintings were made from berries and clay

11. Check for Understanding
Match each description with a term.
A. knives and spears
B. paintings of animals
C. berries, nuts, fruits, and roots
1. These were tools the hunters used
2. These were foods that were gathered
3. These made the cave walls special

12. The New Stone Age About 10,000 years ago the Ice Age came to an end
Glaciers melted and earth grew warmer
Historians refer to this time as the New Stone Age
The new warmer climate was better for plants
People began to cultivate crops
Crops included wheat, barley, rice, and beans

13. The New Stone Age People began to domesticate wild animals
Sheep, cows, and goats were domesticated
These animals were used as sources of milk, meat, and hides
People of the New Stone Age had stopped being hunters and gatherers and had become farmers

14. Check for Understanding
When did the New Stone Age begin?
A. about 10,000 years ago
B. about 100,000 years ago
C. about 20,000 years ago
D. about 200,000 years ago

15. Check for Understanding
What new things happened during the New Stone Age?
A. The Ice Age began
B. People began to plant and grow crops
C. People became hunters and gathers
D. People raised their own animals for food and hides

16. Village Life
Because of planting and growing crops families stayed in one place
As more families settled down they began to live together in agriculture villages
No more living in caves, more permanent homes were built

17. Village Life They built pens for animals
Since there was enough food, people could learn new skills
Potters or weavers, toolmakers, boatbuilding
People could trade between villages
Communities began to grow

18. Check for Understanding
TRUE or FALSE
People in villages had to be nomads.
People in villages kept domesticated animals.
People in villages had to spend all days looking for food.
People in villages had time to learn new skills.
People in villages traded goods with people in other villages.

19. The Earliest Cities Villages continued to grow – they became towns
Larges ones were called cities
Two of the earliest
Jericho
Catal Huyuk

20. The Earliest Jericho Built around 7500 B.C.E, in the Jordan Valley
Covered 4 acres of land and was surrounded by a wall that was over 12 feet high

21. Catal Huyuk
1950’s scientists discovered the ruins of another city in Turkey
Contained what is now the world’s oldest pottery and wool clothing
City was built later than Jericho
In a region that used to be called Asia Minor

22. Catal Huyuk City 8 times bigger than Jericho
Contained many large brick and stone buildings packed tightly together with no streets or alleys between them
This would set the stage for the next major development in human history – the birth of civilizations

23. Check for Understanding
True or False
In the 1950s, the ruins of Jericho were found in Turkey
In Catal Huyuk, there were no streets or alleys between buildings

24. Cultures and Civilizations
Villages needed a way to be organized so life could run smoothly
Villages grew into a civilization
Civilizations usually have:
Government
System of record keeping
Class system

25. Check for Understanding
Which term describes a shared set of language, ideas, and habits?
Civilization
Culture
Government
Class

26. Check for Understanding
Which of the following is part of a civilization?
A government
A system of record keeping
A class system
All of the above