1. VITAL SIGNS
Vital signs are measures of various physiological statistics, often taken by health professionals, in order to assess the most basic body functions. Vital signs are an essential part of a case presentation. The act of taking vital signs normally entails recording Body temperature, Pulse rate (or heart rate), Blood pressure, and Respiratory rate

2. HOMEOSTASIS
Homeostasis refers to stable operating conditions in the internal environment (in the blood and interstitial fluid). This is how the human body maintains a rather constant internal environment despite changing external conditions. It is brought about by coordinated activities of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems

3. Febrile, pyrexia or hyperthermia
VITAL SIGNS MEASUREMENTS ARE THE CLUE AS TO THE BODY’S CONDITION OF HOMEOSTASIS
Temperature
lowest in morning
highest in evening
oral F
rectal higher (0.5 to1.0 F)
Diaphoretic
Febrile, pyrexia or hyperthermia

4. MORE VITAL SIGNS Pulse--- normal 60-100 Weak or “thready” pulse
Heart not pumping enough blood
Tachycardia - Greater than 100 BPM
Nervousness
Anxiety
Excitability
Damaged heard
Interference with oxygen supply (respiration)
Blood loss
Shock

5. BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, and is one of the principal vital signs. For each heartbeat, BP varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure. The mean BP decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries, has its greatest decrease as the blood moves through the small arteries and arterioles, and continues to decrease as the blood moves through the capillaries and back to the heart through veins.[1]

6. Blood Pressure Normal range systolic –first number
Measure of the pumping action of the heart
120 mm HG or below
Diastolic
Ability of the arterial system to accept the pulse of blood forced into the system when the left ventricle contracts
60-75 mm HG
Hypertension
Aging, poor diet, high cholesterol,
Pain, reaction to anxiety, kidney disease
Can lead to CVA (stroke) or congestive heart failure
Hypotension from shock

7. Taking a blood pressure http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6s aTO8_o2g

8. SHOCK
“Failure of circulation in which blood pressure is inadequate to support oxygen perfusion of vital tissues and is unable to remove by-products of metabolism.”
Erhlich Patient Care in Radiography
Dangerous
Potentially fatal
Signs
Pallor
Pulse? Increase or decrease?
Respirations increased
Blood pressure- increase or decrease?

9. HOW DO I RECOGNIZE SHOCK?

10. CAUSES? INJURIES DRUG REACTIONS DIABETES ILLNESSES
Bacterial infections
Blood loss

11. Syncope Very mild form of shock Caused by Fright Pain
Unpleasant events
NPO
Vertigo????

12. Psychologic shock
Mental trauma
Sudden changes in mood and behavior long after the traumatic event

13. WHAT DO I DO?-SHOCK/VERTIGO
Familiarize yourself with the location of equipment
Assist the patient to lie down. Elevate the feet
Call for help!
911
If you are only assistant, take blood pressure/pulse
Be ready to take CPR
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