1. MUSCULAR SYSTEM pp. 917-920

2. FUNCTION Support, movement, and protection

3. TYPES skeletal – muscles that move bones (voluntary) smooth – involuntary muscles that protect organs cardiac – involuntary muscles found only in heart

4. MUSCLE STRUCTURE (external) Tendons connect muscle to bone When the muscle moves, the bones move, and the joint bends

6. MUSCULAR MOVEMENT Muscles arranged in opposing pairs and while one relaxes the other contracts flexor: contraction bends the joint extensor: contraction straightens the joint

7. myofibril  muscle cell (fiber)  fascicle  muscle MUSCLE STRUCTURE (internal)

8. Two types of proteins (actin and myosin) involved actin + myosin  myofibril myofibril attaches to Z line sarcomere: functional unit from Z line to Z line

9. MUSCLE CONTRACTION

10. contraction: shortening of sarcomere between Z –lines myosin “heads” walk along the actin this requires ATP to walk and to release the myosin after walking

12. ENERGY and FATIGUE Aerobic respiration: breaking down organic compounds to release energy to be used by the body Fatigue is the inability to contract (and release) the muscle due to the lack of ATP

13. SKELETAL SYSTEM pp 911-916

14. FUNCTION Bones supports and protects organs Gives shape and structure to the body Produce red and white blood cells

15. SKELETON Axial –the skull, face, vertebral column, and rib cage. Appendicular –the arms and legs, pelvis, scapula, collar bone, etc Includes bones and their associated tissues (cartilage and ligaments)

16. BONE STRUCTURE Porous and made of proteins and minerals and contains: a) Osteocytes –cells that make bone b) Bone marrow – soft bone tissue that produces platelets and blood cells

17. BONE DEVELOPMENT Bones develop from cartilage hardening (ossification)

18. JOINTS Place where two bones meet

19. Fixed: no movement between bones (ex. skull). Semimovable: limited movement (i.e. rib cage and vertebrae) Movable: see your coloring

20. JOINT STRUCTURE Cartilage between joints for cushion Ligaments connect joints