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2. Comparing Cell Sizes Mycoplasma 0.3-0.8 µm E. coli 1x2 µm
Cyanobacteria 10 µm diam
Plant Cell 30x75 µm
Obviously eukaryotic
Nucleus present
Mitochondrion  Bacterium
Chloroplast  Cyanobacterium
Endosymbiosis: Eukaryotes are Chimeras!

3. Cyanobacteria carry out photosynthesis with chlorophyll bound to proteins in membranes infolding from the cell membrane.
Photosynthetic
Membranes
(thylakoids)
Figure 7-5 Page 122
This is an artificially-colored micrograph from transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

4. Cyanobacterial Vegetative Cell:
Photosynthesis
Cyanobacterial Vegetative Cell:
Respiration
cell wall
mesosome
ETS reactions
cell membrane
cyanophycean starch
cyanophycin
gas vacuole
lipid droplet
polyphosphate granule
thylakoids
light (ETS)reactions
70S ribosome
nucleoid
cytosol
polyhedral body
RuBisCO
Calvin cycle
sugar synthesis
glycolysis
Kreb’s cycle
light
chlorophyll
H2O O2
CO2 +
+ CH2O
O2 +
CH2O
CO2
+ H2O + energy

5. An artificially colored TEM of a cyanobacterium.
Thylakoids contain chlorophyll a (green)
Metabolism?
Association?
Shape?

6. In a light microscope image:
In dyed TEM image:
Thylakoids were dyed green to show the location of bacteriochlorophyll for the light reactions…
In a light microscope image:
Thylakoids are too fine to be visible, so the green color appears throughout cytosol but with the nucleoid region lighter in color. The DNA displaces some of the naturally dark-green thylakoids.
nucleoid

7. Anabaena --a cyanobacterium w/ division of labor Vegetative Cells
(Photosynthesis)
Akinete
(hypnospore)
Heterocyst (N2 fixation)

8. Cyanobacterial Heterocyst (N2 fixation)
cell wall
O2 block
cell membrane
nucleoid
mesosome
ETS for O2 reduction
cytosol
Nitrogenase reduces N2 (requires anaerobic conditions)
pore in wall
fuel input for respiration

9. Cyanobacterial Akinete (hypnospore)
cell wall
cell membrane
cyanophycean starch
polyhedral body
lipid droplet
polyphosphate granule
vacuole
cyanophycin
thylakoids
nucleoid

10. Germinating akinetes (producing vegetative filaments)