1. NEW GRAMMAR

2. ACTIVE & STATE VERBS.

3. . A verb is one of the most important parts of the sentence. We distinquish between STATE and ACTIVE verbs

4. . An active (or dynamic) verb describes something you do, or something that happens …. an action. 1) I study English in the school. 2) She sleeps in class. 3) They swim in the river.

5. . Here are some active verb sentences: verbs can be in both forms – simple and continuous 1a) He studies English a lot. (all the time) b) He is studying currently. 2a) They work in a bank. b) They’ve been working since 7 o’clock. c) Now they are working in the garden.

6. . The following are examples of active verbs: cough runjumpsingsleepswimdrive drink eat study

7. . State verbs express the state of being, smell, feelings etc …a state. (the verbs can´t have a continuous form, just simple forms of verbs) 1) I love you. 2) That car costs a lot of money. 3) He understands the question.

8. . Here some state verb sentences: 1a) The flowers smell nice/good. WE DO NOT SAY b) Those flowers are smelling nice/good. 2a) She heard him sing yesterday. WE DO NOT SAY ale: She was listening to him sing/singing. b) She was hearing him sing yesterday.

9. . The most important difference between active verbs and state verbs is that active verbs can have a continuous tense and state verbs cannot be used in a continuous tense. Active – simple and continuous State – simple, not continuous

10. State verbs are divided into:  Verbs related to activities of the mind: admit, agree, believe, know, mean, prefer, realize, remember, think, understand, want  Verbs related to emotions: adore, care, like, dislike, love, hate, hope, prefer, enjoy  Having or being: appear, be, belong, contain, have, include, need, seem, possess, own/have – vo význame vlastniť, príp. choroby  Verbs related to senses: feel, hear, look, see, smell, sound, taste…

11. HAVE We have a second-hand car. (have = possess = own, state) We are having some tea. (have = drink > activity) I have a brother. We don´t say I am having a brother. I have a headache now. NOT I am having a headache. THINK I think it’s a great idea. (think = believe > state) I’m thinking about my exam. (think = consider > activity) I always think about/ of my boyfriend. (activity) BUT some of state verbs can be used as action verbs with different meanings.

12. LOOK You look good. ( state) You are looking at me. (activity) SEE I can see you now. ( state) I am seeing a doctor tommorow. ( visiting – activity) CONSIDER I consider you to be very intelligent. (I think – state), považujem I’m considering a holiday in Holland this summer. (I am planning, thinking... action) zvažujem

13. SMELL It smells great. ( state) – vonia to I am smelling the flower. (activity) - ovoniavam TASTE It tastes delicious. ( state) - chutí. I am tasting it. ( activity) - ochutnávam

14. Verbs related to senses are followed by adjectives, not adverbs. The coffee smells great. You look nice. That soup tastes awful. Their new song sounds fantastic

15. . Choose if the verb is active or state: 1)The boy is playing in the park. 2)They thought about buying a new car. 3)I’m doing my homework now. 4)I love the smell of flowers. 5)I think I will go shopping tomorrow. 6)He’s thinking about his girlfriend.

16. . Here are some more: 7) He swims every day. 8) The dog runs to get a bone. 9)I recognize that student from Paris. 10)She likes pizza. 11) We always think during our exams. 12) That motorbike belongs to me.

17. Don’t forget to revise!!