1. Relationships How do different species affect one another?

2. Symbiosis A close relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different biological species Three types: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitic relationships

3. Commensalism A type of relationship between two individual organisms where one organism benefits and the other organism is unaffected

4. Mutualism A type of relationship between organisms where both organisms benefit from the relationship

5. Parasitism A type of relationship between organisms where one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed by the relationship

6. Important Things to Remember All species interact with other species around it and the habitat around it A change to one species can affect another species or habitat A change in a habitat can affect one or more species

7. Army Ants & Birds

8. When army ants march in a line, they stir up insects that make it easier for the birds to see & eat. Commensalism

9. Fungus & Algal Cells (in lichens)

10. Both the fungus and the algal cells use each other in the structure of the lichen Mutualism

11. Squirrel & Tree

12. A squirrel gets its food from the acorns from a tree Commensalism

13. Tree & Fungus

14. A fungus grows on the side of a tree and could cause the tree to weaken or die. Parasitism

15. Tree & Mistletoe

16. Mistletoe grows in trees, taking the nourishment from the tree (notice the color of leaves of mistletoe vs. tree) Parasitism

17. Humans & Microorganisms (bacteria)

18. Bacteria lives in humans but can help in some functions such as digestions. Mutualism

19. Barnacles & Whales

20. Barnacles find a home on the outside of a whale Commensalism

21. Ticks & Humans

22. Ticks latch onto human skin and find nourishment by drawing blood (they can carry infections) Parasitism

23. Cattle Egrets & Livestock

24. Cattle egrets live among livestock and eat the insects that are stirred up by the movement of the cattle. Commensalism

25. Humans & Cold Virus

26. A virus, such as the cold virus, finds its home in a host, such as a human Parasitism

27. Cleaner Shrimp & Fish

28. Cleaner shrimp find food on the surface of fish, sharks, and other sea creatures Mutualism

29. Flowers & Bees

30. A bee finds its source of food through the flower’s pollen and helps pollinate the flower so it can reproduce Mutualism