2. Objectives 1.Describe why macromolecules are important for living organisms. 2. List the 4 types of macromolecules. 3. Compare the structures and functions of different types of macromolecules.

3. Where do we get our energy? Food is our fuel Energy from the sun is originally captured & stored by green plants It’s then passed along to fruits, seeds, & animals. Eating provides energy for all of the body’s functions the beating of the heart the elimination of wastes the transmission of electrical & chemical signals in the nervous system

4. Why do you care where your energy (food) comes from? Poor food choices and dietary habits, along with physical inactivity lead to: - Cardiovascular disease (CVD) - Obesity - Diabetes - Certain types of cancer (colon, etc) 40 different nutrients are required to maintain good health Eating a wide variety of foods will help ensure adequate intake of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals

5. Organic Nutrients = they are produced and made by living things AKA (also known as) - Macronutrients - Biomolecules Macromolecules

6. Types of Macromolecules 1.Carbohydrates (aka Carbs) 2.Lipids (aka Fats) 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids

7. CARBOHYDRATES Made up of only 3 elements: 1. Carbon 2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen All carbs: - have a hexagonal shape - look like this in their simplest form One ring = monosaccharide

8. String a bunch of monosaccharides together = polysaccharide Two saccharides (2 rings) = disaccharide

9. WHY ARE CARBOHYDRATES IMPORTANT? Body’s major source energy 55 – 60% of daily caloric intake Steady source of energy Aids the body in removing fats Reduces blood cholesterol & blood glucose Allows food residue to pass more quickly through the intestinal tract

10. WHAT FOODS CONTAIN CARBOHYDRATES ? Complex Carbohydrates Food sources: breads, cereals, pastas, grains Dietary Fiber Food Sources: oats, fruits, barley, legumes, wheat, cereal, vegetables, and the skins of fruits Simple Sugars Food Sources: milk, fruit, honey, cookies, candy Commonly called: Sugars & Starches

11. Lets make a foldable for review. Use TS #9 as a guide. Front: Make a riddle for Carbohydrates. (folds down) Bottom flap: draw the structure. (folds up) Mid flap: biomolecule name and importance. Step 1 Step 2Step 3 When your foldable is complete, please tape or glue it to the left page beside the notes.

12. LIPIDS Contain 3 elements 1. Carbon 2. Hydrogen 3. Oxygen

13. Why are lipids important? 1.Storage of energy. This way if you run low on carbs….. 2.Satisfies appetite 3.Transports vitamins A, D, E, & K 4.Thermal insulation 5.Mechanical Protection (surrounds vital organs) 6.Waterproofing (Ex: ear wax)

14. WHAT FOODS CONTAIN LIPIDS? Lipids include fats and oils Types of Fats: 1. Unsaturated Food Sources (derived from plant products): olives, peanuts, corn and canola oils 2. Saturated Food Sources (derived from animal products): meats, lard, cream, butter, cheese, and whole milk 3. Trans Fats Food Sources: typically do not occur naturally in plant or animal products

15. Lets make a foldable for review. Use TS #9 as a guide. Front: Make a riddle for Lipids. (folds down) Bottom flap: draw the structure. (folds up) Mid flap: biomolecule name and importance. Step 1 Step 2Step 3 When your foldable is complete, please tape or glue it to the left page beside the notes.

16. PROTEINS Proteins are composed of 4 elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. The basic unit is called an amino acid and it looks like this.

17. WHY DO YOU NEED TO EAT PROTEINS? Proteins make up most of the structure of your body. These are muscle cells. Enzymes are proteins that regulate chemical reactions in your body. Hair is also made up of protein.

18. Proteins also form some of the entrances and exits through the cell.

19. WHICH FOODS PROVIDE PROTEINS IN OUR DIET?

20. Lets make a foldable for review. Use TS #9 as a guide. Front: Make a riddle for Proteins. (folds down) Bottom flap: draw the structure. (folds up) Mid flap: biomolecule name and importance. Step 1 Step 2Step 3 When your foldable is complete, please tape or glue it to the left page beside the notes.

21. NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic acids make up DNA and RNA. carry your hereditary information from generation to generation used to make proteins

22. Lets make a foldable for review. Use TS #9 as a guide. Front: Make a riddle for Nucleic Acids. (folds down) Bottom flap: draw the structure. (folds up) Mid flap: biomolecule name and importance. Step 1 Step 2Step 3 When your foldable is complete, please tape of glue it to the left page beside the notes.

23. Let’s Review: IDENTIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING… PROTEINS LIPIDS CARBOHYDRATES `