1. Unit 2 Friendship

2. Text A All the Cabbie Had was a Letter
Part I Pre-reading
Part II While-reading
Part III Post-reading

3. Word Web
The stories in this unit are about friendship. Write down five words which you would use if you were writing a poem on this subject.
Friendship

4. Write down five words you could use if you were writing a poem on friendship.
genuine
perpetual
trustworthy
close
long-standing
intimate
enduring
warm
durable
reliable
ever-lasting
faithful
lifelong
helpful
generous

5. Warm-up Questions
How do you define friend or friendship?
Possible patterns:
A real friend is one who …
Life without friends is like….
A friend is best found in….
Friendship is based on…
True friendship is like….

6. Friend
A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out .
A real friend is a medicine in life.
True friends are hard to find, difficult to leave, and impossible to forget.
Life without friends is like a
picture without color.

7. Friendship True friendship is like the sun—it could warm our heart.
True friendship is like beautiful flowers that lead us to colorful life.
True friendship is like an umbrella. When the weather is bad, it can still protect you from the heavy rain or strong sunshine.

8. Text Organization
Part One (Paras 1-20) From a conversation with the cab driver the author learned how much he regretted failing to keep up correspondence with his old friend Ed.
Part Two (Paras 21-35) Reading the letter by himself, the author learned more about the lifelong friendship between the driver and Old Ed.
Part Three (Para 36) The driver’s experience urged the author to reach for his pen.

9. What was the cab driver doing when the author wanted to take the taxi?
Part One (Para. 1-20) From a conversation with the cab driver the author learned how much he regretted failing to keep up correspondence with his old friend Ed.
What was the cab driver doing when the author wanted to take the taxi?
Whom did the driver talk about with the author?
How long had the driver and Ed been friends?
How often did they see each other over the past 25 or 30 years? Why?
What had happened to Old Ed by the time the story took place?

10. Be lost in/ lose oneself in
be absorbed in, be fully occupied with, be immersed in
I had lost myself in thought.
He was lost in playing computer games so he was unaware of my entering the room.
他忙于公务而无法照顾家人。
He is lost in his business so he can not take care of his family.

11. available: adj. 1. able to be got, obtained, used, etc.
We have already used up all the available space.
Various reference books are available in the library.
对不起,这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。
I’m sorry. Those overcoats are not available in your color and size.
2. able to be visited or seen; not too busy
律师现在没空。
The lawyer is not available now.

12. continue; begin (sometimes followed by with + n.)
go ahead:
continue; begin (sometimes followed by with + n.)
The board of directors will vote today on whether to go ahead with the plan.
Henry will be late but we will go ahead with the meeting anyway.

13. Paraphrase the sentence.
L5-6:Letters from home always mean a lot,” …” At least they do with me because I’m on the road so much.”
Paraphrase the sentence.
Letters from home are always of great meaning. At least they mean a lot to me because I travel a lot for long distance.

14. estimate: 1. vt. form a judgment about (a quantity or value)
Bill’s personal riches were estimated at $368 million.
I estimate that the total cost for the treatment of the disease will go from $5,000 to $8,000.
我估计她有35岁。
I estimate her age at 35.
2. n. approximate calculation or judgment made about a quantity or value
According to some estimates, the number of farms has increased by 50 percent.
My estimate of her character was wrong.

15. estimate, evaluate & value
这组词都有“估计”或“估价”的意思。
estimate 指先于实际的测量、计算或测试而作的某种估计或估价，可以是经过仔细考虑，也可以是随意的。
He estimated he would do the hundred miles by noon.
他估计自已到中午时能走完这一百英里路。
I asked three building firms to estimate for the repairs to the house.  
我请三家建筑公司估计修缮房屋的费用。

16. evaluate 很少表示用金钱来估计某物的市场价值，而是对其相对或内在价值的评定。
The research project has only been under way for three months, so it’s too early to evaluate its success.
这个研究项目进行了不过三个月，所以要对它的效果作出评价为时尚早。  
value 指估计某物的价值、价格。
He valued the house for me at ￡3,500.
他为我给这幢房子估价，价值3,500英镑。

17. estimate, evaluate & value
Put into each gap one of the above words. Change the form where necessary.
1. How do teachers their students’ work?
2. It was that there were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.
3. They have gone to have their jewels
________
evaluate
_________
estimated
______.
valued

18. It might just as well have been family.
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
也可以算是一家人。

19. might / may (just) as well:
If you say that you might / may (just) as well do sth., you mean that you will do it although you do not have a strong desire to do it and may even feel slightly reluctant about it.
Anyway, you’re here; you might as well stay.
The post office is really busy. We’ll have to queue for ages to get served. We might as well go home.
既然他们愿意听，你不妨把你的麻烦讲给他们听吧
Since they’re ready to lend you a ear, you might as well pour out your troubles to them.

20. continue without stopping
keep up:
continue without stopping
They risk losing their homes because they can no longer keep up the repayments.
I was so hungry all the time that I could not keep the diet up for longer than a month.
Other usages:
The shortage of supplies is keeping the price up. (prevent…from falling)
I’m having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class. (to manage to learn as fast as)
We sang as we marched, to keep our spirits up. (to try to stay happy, strong, confident, etc.)

21. Collocation:
keep to
坚持；信守stick to, adhere to
跟上；赶上
keep up with
keep on
继续进行；反复地做
keep out of
躲开；（使）置身于…之外not to
become involved in
keep off
避开；不让…接近 remain at a distance

22. Put into each gap one of the phrases. Change the form where necessary.
the grass!
2. If this rain , the garden will be ruined.
3. Try to trouble.
4. Don’t run — I can’t you.
5. He just writing, paying no attention to the cry of the baby.
6. He always his promises.
Keep off
_______
________
keeps up
__________
keep out of
___________
keep up with
_______
kept on
keeps to
_______

23. The American Educational System
We were in the same class, in fact, through both grade and high school.
The American Educational System
In the United States, education is the responsibility of individual states, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization:

24. kindergarten: under 5 years old
elementary / grade / primary school (grades 1~6): 6~11 years old
kindergarten: under 5 years old

25. junior high school (grades 7~8): 12~13 years old
senior high school (grades 9~12): 14~17 years old

26. college, institute, academy , university

27. kind of / sort of:
(“kind of” esp. AmE, “sort of” esp. BrE) a little bit; in some way or degree (used before verb or after a link verb)
The boy’s description kind of gives us an idea of what’s happening.
She wasn’t beautiful. But she was kind of cute.
她有点希望能受到邀请。
She kind of hoped to be invited.

28. on one’s mind:
in one’s thoughts; of concern to one (If sth. is on your mind, you are worried or concerned about it and think about it a lot.)
Dealings on the stock market have been on his mind all the time.
This travel plan for the National Day has been on my mind all the week.

29. But I realized that Old Ed was still on his mind when he spoke again, almost more to himself than to me: “I should have kept in touch. Yes,” he repeated, “I should have kept in touch.”
1. Paraphrase the sentence.
But I realized that the taxi driver was still thinking of Old Ed when he spoke again. It seemed that he spoke more to himself than to me. He repeated that he should have kept in touch with him.
2. Why did the driver repeat that he should have kept in touch?
He felt very regretful because he could have let Ed know how he missed him.

30. come up: 1. happen or occur, esp. unexpectedly
Sorry, I am late — something came up at home.
Other projects came up and the emphasis of my work changed.
2. be mentioned or discussed
The issue of safety came up twice during the meeting.
News about the air crash has come up a lot in various media this morning.

31. Collocation:
come across
偶遇，碰到
come along
进展；出现
come down
流传下来；落魄，失势
come over
从远处来，过来；短暂造访
come through
经历（困难），安然度过
come up with
想出（计划、答案、回答等）

32. Put into each gap one of the phrases. Change the form where necessary.
1. He couldn’t an appropriate answer just at the time.
2. How’s your work ?
3. These legends to us from the 15th century.
4. The old man was 90 years old and lucky to his operation.
5. We’ve just an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.
and see us sometime.
____________
come up with
____________
coming along
__________
came down
come through
____________
___________
come across
_________
Come over

33. urge: vt. try very hard to persuade
President Obama urged the Congress to approve his medicare plans.
Sir Fred urged that Britain (should) join the European Monetary System.
当老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一支香烟时，我实在忍不住了。
When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
Pattern:
urge sb. to do sth.
urge + that-clause. (In the that-clause, “should” or the base form of a verb is used.)

34. Part Two (Paras 21-35): Reading the letter by himself, the author learned more about the lifelong friendship between the driver and Old Ed.
What did the author mean by saying the first sentence in the letter reminded him of himself?
Why did the driver say he began the letter with “Old Friend”?
How did the driver feel about Old Ed’s friendship with him?

35. postpone: vt. delay (usu. followed by n. / gerund)
The couple had postponed having children to establish their careers.
我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。
We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.

36. “Like it says there,” he answered, “about all we had to spend in those days was time.”
Paraphrase the sentence.
“As the letter says there,” he answered, “though we didn’t have much money, we had a lot of free time.”
Friendship takes time: time to get to know each other, time to build shared memories, time to invest in each other's growth

37. But we hung out on the same corner when we were single.
Paraphrase the sentence and translate it into Chinese.
But we passed our free time together before we got married.
不过没成家时我俩总在一起闲逛。

38. hang out
1. stay in or near a place, for no particular reason, not doing very much
I often hung out in coffee bars while I was unemployed.
很多学生放学后在网吧附近闲荡。
Many students hang out in the net café after school.
2. hang clothes on a piece of string outside in order to dry them
I was kind of worried that I had no time to hang out my washing.

39. hang about / around （在…）闲逛 hang on （打电话时用语）不挂断；坚持下去 hang over hang up
Collocation:
hang about / around
hang on
hang over
hang up
（在…）闲逛
（打电话时用语）不挂断；坚持下去
挂在…上；笼罩，威胁
挂断电话；搁置，拖延

40. Put into each gap one of the phrases. Change the form where necessary.
1. I was so angry that I on her.
2. I’m afraid that the line is busy. Would you like to ?
3. The danger of war Europe for 21 years.
4. Don’t We have a train to catch!
hung up
_______
hang on
_______
hung over
_________
hang about / around
__________________

41. (every) now and then: (every) now and again; sometimes; at times
Every now and then I have a desire to quit my tedious job.
He looks out of the window every now and then, as if waiting for someone.
Collocation:
now and again
不时地
now or never
勿失良机
表示“偶尔、有时”的词和短语：
1. at
2. (every) now and
3. (every) now and
4. (every) once
_____
times
5. from
6. some
7. on
8. occ ly
___________
time to time
____
then
_____
times
_____
again
________
occasion
_________
in a while
______
asional

42. But for the last 20 or 30 years it’s been mostly just Christmas cards.
Paraphrase the sentence.
But generally speaking we have sent only Christmas cards to keep in touch with each other for the last 20 or 30 years.

43. Your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I’m not good at saying things like that.
Paraphrase the sentence.
Your friendship over the years has been very important to me, more important than I can say because I’m not good at expressing my feelings.

44. That must have made you feel good, didn’t it?
He might have waited for long, hasn’t he?
He must have told her, hasn’t he?
When you got lost in the forest you must have been very frightened, weren’t you?
You might have met Mr. Clark last Saturday, didn’t you?
He must be in the library, isn’t he?
You must be kidding, aren’t you?
There may be no spare rooms in the hotel, aren’t there?

45. choke up:
become too upset to speak
Losing my job left me completely choked up.
When he learned the news that his hometown was stricken by the earthquake, he was so choked up that he couldn’t say a word.

46. I decided to skip the first two chapters.
We were getting close to our destination so I skipped to the last paragraph. (L. 77)
Leave sth. Out
I decided to skip the first two chapters.
I suggest we skip over the details and get to the main point.
Skip rope
skip a year/ grade
— Did you enjoy your holiday?
— Oh, skip it.

47. Enjoyed talking with you …
Enjoyed speaking with you.
It was nice talking to you.
It was great seeing you.
I’m so pleased to have met you.
It was nice to have met you.

48. Part Three (Para 36) The driver’s experience urged the author to reach for his pen.
right away:
at once
表示“立即、马上”的词和短语：
1. at
3. im ly
5. p ly
7. straight
____
once
2. d ly
4. in ly
6. right
____
irect
mediate
_______
stant
____
rompt
away
_____
____
away
____

49. Post-reading The narrator is good at keeping the conversation going:
a good listener
He asks questions directly to get more information out of the cabbie.
Sometimes he asks an indirect question by making guessing.

50. Useful Expressions 1.完全沉浸于 be completely lost in 2.引起…的注意
3.坐进后座
4.不着急
5.不大会…
6.保持通信往来
7.从小学一直到高中
be completely lost in
get sb.’s attention
settle into the back seat
in no hurry
not much of a hand at…
keep up correspondence
all the way through both grade and high school

51. Useful Expressions an old neighborhood keep in touch with
a class reunion
Time goes by.
hang out on the same corner
nod in agreement
in the distance
8. 老街坊
9. 保持联系
10. 同学聚会
11. 时间不饶人。
12. 在一起闲逛
13. 点头称是
14. 在远处

52. Useful expressions available go ahead learn/ know by heart
mean a lot/ everything/ nothing to sb.
estimate
might/ may (just) as well do
kind of/ sort of
be on one’s mind
must have done/ should have done
come up
Urge sb to do (or: urge sb. that…should do…)
remind sb. of sth.
mean to do/ intend to do
postpone sth./ doing …
every now and then
enjoy talking with you

53. Friends and friendship
a network of friends
mutual trust and respect
ease the stress
Brighten up one’s life
read one’s mind
in times of troubles or tension
purity begets purity, like begets like.
true friendship is a plant of slow growth, the value of which can stand the test of time.
Friendship is a warm smile in the winter.

54. Friends and friendship
If you tell your joy to your friend, your joy will double. And if your pour your sorrow to your friend, your sorrow will be reduced by half.
Friendship doubles your joys, and divides your sorrows.
Friendship is education, good or bad; it lifts the soul upward or drags it downward.
Good friends help us to sow virtues; evil companions help us to sow vice.
A friend will calm your fears and sustain your hopes.

55. The recipe of friendship :
1 cup of sharing
2 cups of caring
1 cup of forgiveness and hugs of tenderness
Mix all these together… ..
to make friends forever.

56. Love is a lamp, while friendship is the shadow
Love is a lamp, while friendship is the shadow. When the lamp is off, you will find the shadow everywhere. Friend is who can give you strength at last. 爱情是灯，友情是影子，当灯灭了，你会发现你的周围都是影子。朋友，是在最后可以给你力量的人。
Love may fade with the season. But some friendships are year-round.（爱情可能随着季节的变迁而褪去，可友情会为你全年守候）——【Gossip Girl】

57. Class Is Over