1. III. Factors Affecting Solvation (p. 489 – 497)
Ch. 14 – Mixtures & Solutions
III. Factors Affecting Solvation (p. 489 – 497)

2. A. Solvation First... Then... Solvation – the process of dissolving
solute particles are surrounded by solvent particles
First...
solute particles are separated and pulled into solution
Then...

3. A. Solvation Non- Electrolyte Weak Electrolyte Strong Electrolyte+
sugar - +
acetic acid - +
salt
Non-
Electrolyte
Weak
Electrolyte
Strong
Electrolyte
solute exists as
molecules only
solute exists as
ions and
molecules
solute exists as
ions only
DISSOCIATION
IONIZATION
View animation online.

4. NaCl(s)  Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
B. Solvation
Dissociation
separation of an ionic solid into aqueous ions
NaCl(s)  Na+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

5. HNO3(aq) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + NO3–(aq)
B. Solvation
Ionization
breaking apart of some polar molecules into aqueous ions
HNO3(aq) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + NO3–(aq)

6. B. Solvation C6H12O6(s)  C6H12O6(aq) Molecular Solvation
molecules stay intact
C6H12O6(s)  C6H12O6(aq)

7. B. Solvation Soap/Detergent polar “head” with long nonpolar “tail”
dissolves nonpolar grease in polar water

8. B. Solubility Rules Molecules are constantly in motion according to…
Kinetic Theory
When particles collide, energy is transferred

9. B. Solubility Rules
Solubility = amount of a substance that will dissolve in a liquid
Smaller pieces of a substance dissolve faster b/c of larger surface area
Stirring or shaking speeds dissolving b/c particles are moving faster and colliding more
Heating speeds dissolving (see above)
Not all substances dissolve

10. C. Solubility Water is universal solvent b/c of its polarity
If something can dissolve in something else, it is said to be soluble
If it cannot dissolve, it is said to be insoluble
“Like dissolves like”

11. C. Solubility
“Like Dissolves Like”
NONPOLAR
POLAR

12. C. Solubility UNSATURATED SOLUTION more solute dissolves
no more solute dissolves
SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION
becomes unstable, crystals form
concentration

13. C. Solubility Solubility Curves
maximum grams of solute that will dissolve in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature
varies with temp
based on a saturated soln

14. C. Solubility Solubility Curve
shows the dependence of solubility on temperature

15. C. Solubility Solids are more soluble at... high temperatures.
Gases are more soluble at...
low temperatures &
high pressures (Henry’s Law).
EX: nitrogen narcosis, the “bends,” soda