2. Stay away from factionsStay away from factions Show disinterest in European affairsShow disinterest in European affairs Set the two term precedentSet the two term precedent Washington’s Farewell Address

3. Rise in Political Parties Although speaking against them earlier, both Madison and Hamilton organize factionsAlthough speaking against them earlier, both Madison and Hamilton organize factions Hamilton takes first stepsHamilton takes first steps Both the Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans formedBoth the Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans formed

4. Election of 1796 Adams (F) wins presidencyAdams (F) wins presidency Jefferson (R) elected VPJefferson (R) elected VP Hamilton retired the previous year and took much support from the Federalists with himHamilton retired the previous year and took much support from the Federalists with him

5. 1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union) John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist7151.4% Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic- Republican 6849.3% Thomas PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist5942.8% Aaron BurrNew YorkDemocratic- Republican 3021.7% Samuel AdamsMassachusettsFederalist1510.9% Oliver EllsworthConnecticutFederalist118.0% George ClintonNew YorkDemocratic- Republican 75.1% Other--1510.9% Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

6. Adam’s Presidency Often undercut (Hamilton, Jefferson)Often undercut (Hamilton, Jefferson) Troubled relations with FranceTroubled relations with France

7. XYZ Affair Adams sends delegates to FranceAdams sends delegates to France French demand a bribe before any negotiations take placeFrench demand a bribe before any negotiations take place J. Rep’s want copies of docsJ. Rep’s want copies of docs Adams turns them over with the names of X, Y, Z replacing agentsAdams turns them over with the names of X, Y, Z replacing agents Adams refuses to pay, popularity soarsAdams refuses to pay, popularity soars J.R’s hurt by incidentJ.R’s hurt by incident

8. Quasi-War In response to the XYZ affairIn response to the XYZ affair Undeclared naval war between US and FranceUndeclared naval war between US and France Tensions lowered as Britain defeats FranceTensions lowered as Britain defeats France

9. Alien and Sedition Acts Adams passes four laws that limited speech and writing anything that could be false or maliciousAdams passes four laws that limited speech and writing anything that could be false or malicious Designed to silence the Jefferson RepublicansDesigned to silence the Jefferson Republicans Jefferson responds by having VA and KY pass resolutions that the states could nullify “unconstitutional laws”Jefferson responds by having VA and KY pass resolutions that the states could nullify “unconstitutional laws” Resolutions later used for the succession of the Southern statesResolutions later used for the succession of the Southern states

10. Tough Times Adams having difficult timesAdams having difficult times Hamilton divides Federalists against him with his peace treaty with FranceHamilton divides Federalists against him with his peace treaty with France Considered resigning and turning the government over to JeffersonConsidered resigning and turning the government over to Jefferson

11. Election of 1800 Adams & Pinckney – FederalistsAdams & Pinckney – Federalists Jefferson & Burr - Jeffersonian RepublicansJefferson & Burr - Jeffersonian Republicans Adams carries NE statesAdams carries NE states Jefferson carries S and WJefferson carries S and W States follow party interestsStates follow party interests

12. 1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union) Thomas JeffersonVirginia Democratic- Republican 7352.9% Aaron BurrNew York Democratic- Republican 7352.9% John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist6547.1% Charles PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist6446.4% John JayNew YorkFederalist 1 0.7% Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

13. 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State  1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State  Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic-Republican1062.5% Aaron BurrNew YorkDemocratic-Republican 425.0% Blank------- 212.5%

14. “Revolution of 1800” Because of system, electors split votes between Jefferson and BurrBecause of system, electors split votes between Jefferson and Burr Accidentally receive same amount of votesAccidentally receive same amount of votes Federalist controlled House tried making a deal with Burr – he rejectsFederalist controlled House tried making a deal with Burr – he rejects Federalists give up and accept JeffersonFederalists give up and accept Jefferson 12 th Amendment passed for separate votes for Pres and VP12 th Amendment passed for separate votes for Pres and VP

16. Major Port Cities –Charleston Rice, cotton, indigoRice, cotton, indigo –Baltimore tobaccotobacco –Philadelphia Shipped farm produceShipped farm produce –New York Merchant headquartersMerchant headquarters –Boston Shipbuilding, bankingShipbuilding, banking

17. American Economy in 1800 Predominantly ruralPredominantly rural 94% people lived in communities of fewer than 2,500 people94% people lived in communities of fewer than 2,500 people Crops were grown for home use rather than for saleCrops were grown for home use rather than for sale

18. Growth of American Trade French Revolution initiated war between Britain and FranceFrench Revolution initiated war between Britain and France American merchants wanted to supply both sidesAmerican merchants wanted to supply both sides “Re-exported” many goods to other European countries“Re-exported” many goods to other European countries

20. Jefferson Takes Office Takes office more low key than Washington and AdamsTakes office more low key than Washington and Adams Peaceful transition from the Federalists to the Jeffersonian RepublicansPeaceful transition from the Federalists to the Jeffersonian Republicans

21. Vision for the Nation Agrarian RepublicAgrarian Republic –Small family farms clustered together in communities –Problems Slave trade grewSlave trade grew Soil exhaustionSoil exhaustion Indians forced from landsIndians forced from lands

22. Promises Cut internal taxesCut internal taxes Cut size of ArmyCut size of Army Cut size of NavyCut size of Navy Reduce government staffReduce government staff Eliminate national debtEliminate national debt * All promises were kept!

23. Jefferson’s Peep’s Against pressure, Jefferson allowed many Federalists to keep their jobsAgainst pressure, Jefferson allowed many Federalists to keep their jobs Did not apply to the “Midnight Judges”Did not apply to the “Midnight Judges”

24. Marbury vs. Madison Jefferson refuses to give appointment to MarburyJefferson refuses to give appointment to Marbury Marbury suesMarbury sues Chief Justice Marshall rules the judicial branch cannot force the executive to deliver the papersChief Justice Marshall rules the judicial branch cannot force the executive to deliver the papers Judicial review established by MarshallJudicial review established by Marshall

25. Louisiana Purchase In 1800, France secretly reacquired the LA territoryIn 1800, France secretly reacquired the LA territory Napoleon wants to use land to help cause in HaitiNapoleon wants to use land to help cause in Haiti Haiti overthrows the French and Napoleon wants to sellHaiti overthrows the French and Napoleon wants to sell Jefferson already in talks about buying New Orleans (up to 10 mil)Jefferson already in talks about buying New Orleans (up to 10 mil) Napoleon decides to sell entire territory for 15 mil.Napoleon decides to sell entire territory for 15 mil.

26. Effects of the Louisiana Purchase Jefferson’s beliefs questioned – Const. says nothing about buying landJefferson’s beliefs questioned – Const. says nothing about buying land Size of US doubledSize of US doubled Slavery increasesSlavery increases Native Americans pushed off landNative Americans pushed off land

28. Election of 1808

29. James Madison Becomes President

30. Dolly Madison