1. Honors Biology Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
SC B -2.2: Summarize the structures & functions of organelles found in a eukaryotic cell(including the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, vacuoles, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum [ER], golgi apparatus, cilia, flagella, cell membrane, nuclear membrane, and cytoplasm

2. Cytoplasm
Portion of the cell including everything inside cell membrane except nucleus
Cytosol: liquid portion of cytoplasm

3. NUCLEUS Nucleolus Nuclear Envelope Nuclear Pores
Contains DNA with its coded instructions for making proteins so is the “control center”
most prominent structure seen with light microscope
Parts:
Nucleolus
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Pores

4. NUCLEUS Nucleolus Nuclear Envelope Nuclear Pores
dense region in nucleus
produces subunits of ribosomes
Nuclear Envelope
dbl membrane surrounding nucleus
Outer layer contiguous with ER
Nuclear Pores
holes thru envelope
substances enter/leave nucleus thru these pores

5. DNA in NUCLEUS chromatin: DNA bound to proteins (called histones)
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes when cell starts cell division

6. RIBOSOMES assembly site for proteins 2 subunits Small Large
made separately in nucleolus  exit nucleus thru nuclear pores  join when making proteins

7. RIBOSOMES
Considering the function of ribosomes…. What types of cells do you think would have an abundance of ribosomes in them?

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Internal membrane system
2 types:
Smooth ER (SER)
Rough ER (RER)

9. SER make membranes for detoxifies cell membrane other organs drugs
alcohol
poisons

10. SER
So… considering the functions of SER……what types of cells can you predict might have an abundance of SER?

11. RER “rough” because outer membrane is studded with ribosomes
proteins made & released into RER where they are modified (sugar groups added making a glycoprotein)
most of proteins made here are destined for export out of cell

12. RER
What type of cell do you think would have lots of RER?

13. GOLGI APPARATUS stack of curved membranes
usually found between ER and cell membrane
Function: modify, sort, & package material received from ER  storage in cell or export out of cell

14. GOLGI

16. GOLGI
In what types of cells do you think there would be an abundance of Golgi bodies?

17. LYSOSOMES membrane bound vesicle that has enzymes inside
Function: breakdown of macromolecules into smaller molecules which are then recycled in cytoplasm
Where do these macromolecules come from?

18. Lysosomes worn out organelles engulfed bacteria or cell debris
Where do lysosomes get the macromolecules?
worn out organelles
engulfed bacteria or cell debris

19. VACUOLES membrane bounded storage facility
Protists (one-celled organisms) put food particles in a food vacuole until need the nutrients
plant cells have distinctive large central vacuole that stores water and some nutrients and helps plant maintain turgor when all cells have a filled central vacuole

20. Vacuoles

21. Food Vacuole

22. MITOCHONDRIA intermembrane space cristae : folds of inner membrane
convert chemical energy in sugars ATP (high energy molecule that temporarily stores energy in form cells can use) = cellular respiration
dbl membrane
intermembrane space
cristae : folds of inner membrane
matrix: inside folds of cristae
has own DNA (maternal) & divides on own

23. Mitochondria

24. Mitochondria

25. CHLOROPLASTS intermembrane space
in plant cells
capture energy in sunlight chemical energy (photosynthesis)
dbl membrane
intermembrane space
inner membrane folds into thylakoid discs
stack of discs = granum
space around grana = stroma
contain chlorophyll
+ DNA & divides on own

26. Chloroplasts

27. Chloroplasts

28. Chloroplasts

29. CYTOSKELETON movement of organelles & chromosomes
Function:
internal structure & support
movement of organelles & chromosomes
anchors organelles and cells
Made of proteins
3 types:
microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules

30. MICROFILAMENTS made of actin supports cell shape
used by protist for movement

31. Microfilaments

32. Intermediate Filaments
used to move organelles around cytoplasm

33. MICROTUBULES largest, strongest
shaped like hollow straws with units that spontaneously come together or fall apart
used to move organelles, chromosomes
made in centrosomes

34. CELL ANALOGY Eukaryotic cells are like a city:
each part has a job to be done
Nucleus : mayor
Mitochondria: power plant
Lysosomes: city dump and recycling center
SER: hospital
Golgi: UPS store
Cytoskeleton: roads & bridges
Cell Membrane: border city limits