1. Human Physiology Homeostasis & feedback systems Chemistry Review Ch. 1

2. Homeostasis If the blood concentration of sodium deviates below normal (normal range: 135-145 mEq/L), a typical response expected would be a(an)______ in sodium concentration. ANSWER

3. Homeostasis If the blood concentration of sodium deviates below normal (normal range: 135-145 mEq/L), a typical response expected would be a(an) increase in sodium concentration.

4. Homeostasis The increasingly forceful uterine contractions during childbirth are an example of _____. ANSWER

5. Homeostasis The increasingly forceful uterine contractions during childbirth are an example of positive.

6. Homeostasis Shiv is at a football game on a very cold night and begins to shiver. Mark the letter(s) which indicate(s) when he began shivering ___. This graph is an example of ______ feedback. ANSWER

7. Homeostasis Shiv is at a football game on a very cold night and begins to shiver. Mark the letter(s) which indicate(s) when he began shivering AB This graph is an example of negative feedback.

8. Homeostasis Choose the term that best describes the following: “the internal environment is never absolutely constant…conditions are stabilized above and below the set point”. A. Negative feedback. B. Positive feedback. C. Dynamic constancy. D. Equilibrium. ANSWER

9. Homeostasis Choose the term that best describes the following: “the internal environment is never absolutely constant…conditions are stabilized above and below the set point”. A. Negative feedback. B. Positive feedback. C. Dynamic constancy. D. Equilibrium.

10. Homeostasis Assuming a normal range of a physiological condition above, mark the letter which represents the activation of a sensor __ and mark the letter that represents the activation of an effector __. ANSWER

11. Homeostasis Assuming a normal range of a physiological condition above, mark the letter which represents the activation of a sensor A and mark the letter that represents the activation of an effector B.

12. Organs and Organ Systems Regulation of blood volume and composition is part of the _________ system. ANSWER

13. Organs and Organ Systems Regulation of blood volume and composition is part of the urinary system.

14. Organs and Organ Systems Thermoregulation is a function of all of the following systems except the A. integumentary system. B. skeletal system. C. muscular system. D. nervous system. ANSWER

15. Organs and Organ Systems Thermoregulation is a function of all of the following systems except the A. integumentary system. B. skeletal system. C. muscular system. D. nervous system.

16. Organs and Systems Arrange the following from the simplest to the most complex order: a. Cells b. Organs c. Tissues d. Organ systems e. Molecules Correct order: __ → __ → __ → __ → __. ANSWER

17. Organs and Systems Arrange the following from the simplest to the most complex order: a. Cells b. Organs c. Tissues d. Organ systems e. Molecules Correct order: e →a → c → b → d.

18. Organs and Systems Graying of hair with age is caused by the loss of __________ stem cells. ANSWER

19. Organs and Systems Graying of hair with age is caused by the loss of melanocyte stem cells.

20. Organs and Systems Damage to a specific neuron in the brain could control a vital function such as breathing. This example suggests that A. all neurons are involved in controlling breathing. B. different levels of organizations are interdependent. C. any cell can affect any function. D. the neuron’s function is to regulate breathing only. ANSWER

21. Damage to a specific neuron in the brain could control a vital function such as breathing. This example suggests that A. all neurons are involved in controlling breathing. B. different levels of organizations are interdependent. C. any cell can affect any function. D. the neuron’s function is to regulate breathing only. Organs and Systems

22. Body-Fluid Compartments About 65% of the total body water is in the a. intracellular compartment b. plasma c. interstitial fluid d. extracellular fluid ANSWER

23. Body-Fluid Compartments About 65% of the total body water is in the a. intracellular compartment b. plasma c. interstitial fluid d. extracellular fluid

24. Body-Fluid Compartments Extracellular fluid A. consists of the interstitial fluid and plasma. B. is part of the cytoplasm and surrounds the organelles. C. makes up about two-thirds of the body fluids. ANSWER

25. Body-Fluid Compartments Extracellular fluid A. consists of the interstitial fluid and plasma. B. is part of the cytoplasm and surrounds the organelles. C. makes up about two-thirds of the body fluids.

26. Body-Fluid Compartments The connective tissue matrix is part of the A. intracellular fluid. B. extracellular fluid. C. plasma. ANSWER

27. Body-Fluid Compartments The connective tissue matrix is part of the A. intracellular fluid. B. extracellular fluid. C. plasma.

28. Body-Fluid Compartments The endocrine glands release their secretions A. into their own ducts. B. into plasma. C. into intracellular fluid. D. on the surface of their epithelial membranes. ANSWER

29. The endocrine glands release their secretions A. into their own ducts. B. into plasma. C. into intracellular fluid. D. on the surface of their epithelial membranes. Body-Fluid Compartments

30. Internal environment refers to A. plasma. B. intracellular fluid. C. interstitial fluid. D. extracellular fluid. ANSWER

31. Body-Fluid Compartments Internal environment refers to A. plasma. B. intracellular fluid. C. interstitial fluid. D. extracellular fluid.

32. pH Blood pH remains constant despite the release of acids due to the A. presence of large amount of water. B. buffering action of bicarbonate. C. presence of NaOH, a strong base. D. acid being diverted to kidneys. ANSWER

33. Blood pH remains constant despite the release of acids due to the A. presence of large amount of water. B. buffering action of bicarbonate. C. presence of NaOH, a strong base. D. acid being diverted to kidneys. pH

34. Solution A has a pH of 7.46 and solution B has a pH of 7.32. Which of the following situation is true? A. Solution A is more acidic than solution B B. Solution B is more alkaline than solution A C. Solution A contains a higher concentration of H + ions than solution B. D. Solution B contains a higher concentration of H + ions than solution A. ANSWER pH

35. Solution A has a pH of 7.46 and solution B has a pH of 7.32. Which of the following situation is true? A. Solution A is more acidic than solution B B. Solution B is more alkaline than solution A C. Solution A contains a higher concentration of H + ions than solution B. D. Solution B contains a higher concentration of H + ions than solution A. pH

36. Carbohydrates A. serve as a major structural component of cells. B. form enzymes. C. serve as body’s important source of energy. D. protect and support delicate structures. ANSWER

37. Carbohydrates A. serve as a major structural component of cells. B. form enzymes. C. serve as body’s important source of energy. D. protect and support delicate structures.

38. Carbohydrates Humans store monosaccharides in the form of a polysaccharide called ______. ANSWER

39. Carbohydrates Humans store monosaccharides in the form of a polysaccharide called glycogen.

40. Carbohydrates A dehydration synthesis between glucose and fructose results in _______. ANSWER

41. Carbohydrates A dehydration synthesis between glucose and fructose results in sucrose.

42. Lipids A rapid breakdown of fat such as during low carbohydrate diet and in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus results in a condition called _____. If it leads to acidic pH, the condition is called __________. ANSWER

43. Lipids A rapid breakdown of fat such as during low carbohydrate diet and in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus results in a condition called ketosis. If it leads to acidic pH, the condition is called ketoacidosis.

44. Lipids __________ are a family of regulatory compounds derived from a membrane lipid known as arachidonic acid. ANSWER

45. Lipids Prostaglandins are a family of regulatory compounds derived from a membrane lipid known as arachidonic acid.

46. Lipids An anorexic 18-year old is suffering from amenorrhea, the absence of menstrual cycles along with many other clinical symptoms. Her lab results show a very low blood estrogen and progesterone levels. Her lipid profile shows that she has decreased levels of _________. ANSWER

47. Lipids An anorexic 18-year old is suffering from amenorrhea, the absence of menstrual cycles along with many other clinical symptoms. Her lab results show a very low blood estrogen and progesterone levels. Her lipid profile shows that she has decreased levels of cholesterol.

48. Nucleic Acids A nucleotide is made of _______, _________ and __________. ANSWER

49. Nucleic Acids A nucleotide is made of sugar, phosphate and a nitrogen.

50. Nucleic Acids Complementary base pairing requires a ________ bond. ANSWER

51. Nucleic Acids Complementary base pairing requires a hydrogen bond.

52. Nucleic Acids The four elements that make up the nucleic acids are _________, ________, ________ and ________. ANSWER

53. Nucleic Acids The four elements that make up the nucleic acids are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

54. Nucleic Acids All of the following are true regarding DNA and RNA except that both A. contain pentose sugars. B. contain purines and pyrimidines. C. have adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. D. have phosphate groups. ANSWER

55. Nucleic Acids All of the following are true regarding DNA and RNA except that both A. contain pentose sugars. B. contain purines and pyrimidines. C. have adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. D. have phosphate groups.