1. SINO-US RELATIONS: HISTORY MATTERS Early contacts: Piggy back imperialism: The Opium Wars (1840s) US Treaty of Wanghsia (1844) Western occupation and the “Open Door Policy” Philippines (1898) and the Boxer Rebellion (1902) 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act; 1905 SC case (Chinese children are citizens), 1952 Walter-McCarren Act (Racialized quotas for immigration) The League of Nations and Manchuria The Founding of the UN: Why did China get a seat?

2. SINO-US RELATIONS: HISTORY MATTERS The PRC and Taiwan: 1949 The Korean War (China vs. US 1950-53); Vietnam 1971: Nixon renews contact, Allows UN membership 1979: State visit by Deng Xiaoping, full diplomatic ties 1989: Tiananmen and Jiang Zemin MFN Status to WTO (2002)

3. CAN’T WE JUST ALL GET ALONG? The liberal perspective: They can’t afford and don’t want to fight us – 20K joint ventures; 230 billion trade; US: 48 billion in DFI – Chinese culture is less conducive to trying to export revolution – China will choose growth over social control The realist perspective: A fight will happen sooner than later (at least at the regional level) – China is awakening; it wants to lead at least it’s part of the world – A bad hood: Modernizing the Chinese army and increasing nukes – US trade deficit: 162 billion; Currency valuation issues and the US – Taiwan (thankfully no longer a nuke trigger) – Human rights, democracy, and the CCP: The Chinese counter model – Pent up anger: Japan

4. US-INDIAN RELATIONS Relations didn’t get off to a great start US had good ties to India and was anti-imperialist; Gandhi was key source of inspiration for MLK Nehru (1947-64) chose institution-building and equality (land reform) over capitalism and growth The US assumed Nehru was a socialist and pushed India in the direction of the USSR; we thus helped Pakistan. Nehru really wanted a “third” way” for the “non-aligned mvt”; joined Egypt’s Nasser and Yugoslavia’s Tito Indira Gandhi played up nationalism and ordered a nuclear weapon detonated in 1974; Pakistan got technology from China and detonate in 1987. Since the end of the Cold War Better relations despite 1998 detonation of 5 nukes and (initially) heavy sanctions More trade and free market there; India now seen as an alternative and balance of China US shift to prioritizing relations with democracies helps US-Indian relations The continued sticky point: Our weapons sales to and support of Pakistan