1. ASEAN By Nurani Chandrawati International Relations Department FISIP University of Indonesia

2. Viet Nam Pop : 85 M GDP : US$ 52 B Def Budget: US$ 3.3 B GDP Per Capita: US$ 281.1 Singapore Pop : 4,2 M GDP : US$ 185 B Def Budget: US$ 4,8 B GDP Per Capita: US$ 25,191.2 Philippines Pop : 88 M GDP : US$ 110B Def Budget: US$ 1,2 B GDP Per Capita: US$ 247.3 Brunei Darussalam Pop : 370,000 GDP : US$ 6B Def Budget:US$360 Mil GDP Per Capita: US$ 7,462.5 Myanmar Pop : 48 M GDP : US$ 75 B Def Budget: US$ 4,2 B GDP Per Capita: US$ 20.4 Indonesia Pop : 220 M GDP : US$ 365B Def Budget: US$ 2,5 B GDP Per Capita: US$ 854.4 Cambodia Pop : 13,8 M GDP : US$ 5,5 B Def Budget: US$ 75 B GDP Per Capita: US$ 328.8 Malaysia Pop : 25 M GDP : US$ 125 B Def Budget: US$ 2,7 B GDP Per Capita: US$ 2561.2 Laos Pop : 6,5 M GDP : US$ 3,6 B Def Budget: US$ 15 M GDP Per Capita: US$ 23.2 Thailand Pop : 65M GDP : US$ 5,5 B Def Budget: US$ 3.1 B GDP Per Capita: US$ 1,416.7

3. ASEAN PROFILE ITS MEMBERS VERY DISSIMILAR IN TERMS OF THEIR PHYSICAL SIZE, ETHNIC COMPOSITION, SOCIAL- CULTURAL HERITAGE AND IDENTITY, COLONIAL EXPERIENCE AND POST COLONIAL POLITIES. IT MEANS THAT ASEAN IS UNITY IN DIVERSITY. ITS MEMBERS VERY DISSIMILAR IN TERMS OF THEIR PHYSICAL SIZE, ETHNIC COMPOSITION, SOCIAL- CULTURAL HERITAGE AND IDENTITY, COLONIAL EXPERIENCE AND POST COLONIAL POLITIES. IT MEANS THAT ASEAN IS UNITY IN DIVERSITY.

4. ASEAN OBJECTIVES ALTHOUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEAN WAS A PRODUCT OF A DESIRE FROM ITS FOUNDING FATHER TO CREATE A MECHANISM FOR WAR PREVENTION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT, BUT ALTHOUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEAN WAS A PRODUCT OF A DESIRE FROM ITS FOUNDING FATHER TO CREATE A MECHANISM FOR WAR PREVENTION AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT, BUT THE FORMAL OBJECTIVES OF ASEAN FORMATION ACCORDING TO THE BANGKOK DECLARATION ON AUGUST 8 1967 WAS FOCUSING ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL COOPERATION THEN POLITICAL AND SECURITY ARRANGEMENT. THE FORMAL OBJECTIVES OF ASEAN FORMATION ACCORDING TO THE BANGKOK DECLARATION ON AUGUST 8 1967 WAS FOCUSING ON ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL COOPERATION THEN POLITICAL AND SECURITY ARRANGEMENT.

5. ASEAN OBJECTIVES There were only a general statement regarding to the purposes of ASEAN in security field that ASEAN ASEAN will promote the stability and peaceful condition in region through the respectfully of international law and justice and building relationship among ASEAN members on the the basic of principle of United Nations Charter. There were only a general statement regarding to the purposes of ASEAN in security field that ASEAN ASEAN will promote the stability and peaceful condition in region through the respectfully of international law and justice and building relationship among ASEAN members on the the basic of principle of United Nations Charter.

6. SCHOLARS PERCEPTION ABOUT ASEAN Michael Leifer assumed that the formation of ASEAN more serving the domestic interest of ASEAN original members or was known as collective internal security or inward looking. Michael Leifer assumed that the formation of ASEAN more serving the domestic interest of ASEAN original members or was known as collective internal security or inward looking. Amithav Acharya added that the specific catalisator that push the appearances of ASEAN in the beginning were concerning of the founding fathers to anticipate internal stability, regime insecurity and domestic vulnarebality. Amithav Acharya added that the specific catalisator that push the appearances of ASEAN in the beginning were concerning of the founding fathers to anticipate internal stability, regime insecurity and domestic vulnarebality.

7. ASEAN INTRA-RELATION PROBLEMS THERE ARE MANY PROBLEMS THAT INFLUENCE THE RELATION BETWEEN ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES ESPECIALLY IN POLITICAL AND SECURITY FIELDS SUCH AS BORDER DISPUTES, NON-CONVENTIONAL ISSUES, ETHNIC AND RELIGION ISSUES AND ARMS ACQUISITION. THERE ARE MANY PROBLEMS THAT INFLUENCE THE RELATION BETWEEN ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES ESPECIALLY IN POLITICAL AND SECURITY FIELDS SUCH AS BORDER DISPUTES, NON-CONVENTIONAL ISSUES, ETHNIC AND RELIGION ISSUES AND ARMS ACQUISITION.

8. ASEAN MECHANISM ASEAN NEVER USE A FORMAL MECHANISM TO SOLVE THE POLITICAL AND SECURITY PROBLEMS BETWEEN ITS MEMBERS. BECAUSE POLITICAL AND SECURITY ISSUES ARE ALWAYS SEEN AS A SENSITIVE ISSUES. ASEAN NEVER USE A FORMAL MECHANISM TO SOLVE THE POLITICAL AND SECURITY PROBLEMS BETWEEN ITS MEMBERS. BECAUSE POLITICAL AND SECURITY ISSUES ARE ALWAYS SEEN AS A SENSITIVE ISSUES.

9. ASEAN WAY UNDERSTANDING AS INFORMALITY, ORGANIZATION MINIMALISM, INCLUSIVENESS, INTENSIVE CONSULTATION LEADING TO CONSENSUS AND PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES. IT ALSO A CLAIM ABOUT THE PROCESS OF REGIONAL INTERACTION AND COOPERATION BASE ON DISCRETNESS, INFORMALITY, CONSENSUS BUILDING AND NON-CONFRONTATIONAL BARGAINING STYLE.

10. ASEAN PATRON ACCORDING TO THE EFFORT TO KEEP ASEAN HARMONIZATION, ASEAN ALSO USE THE PATRON OF SWEPT THE CONFLICT UNDER CARPET. ACCORDING TO THE EFFORT TO KEEP ASEAN HARMONIZATION, ASEAN ALSO USE THE PATRON OF SWEPT THE CONFLICT UNDER CARPET. INDEED ASEAN HAS FORMAL TREATY AS A RESULT FROM THE FIRST ASEAN SUMMIT IN BALI 1976 INDEED ASEAN HAS FORMAL TREATY AS A RESULT FROM THE FIRST ASEAN SUMMIT IN BALI 1976

11. TREATY OF AMITY AND COOPERATION (TAC) MUTUAL RESPECT FOR INDEPENDENCE, SOVEREIGNTY, TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF ALL NATIONS MUTUAL RESPECT FOR INDEPENDENCE, SOVEREIGNTY, TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF ALL NATIONS THE RIGHT OF EVERY STATE TO LEAD ITS NATIONAL EXISTENCE FREE FROM EXTERNAL INTERFERNCE, SUBVERSION AND COERCION THE RIGHT OF EVERY STATE TO LEAD ITS NATIONAL EXISTENCE FREE FROM EXTERNAL INTERFERNCE, SUBVERSION AND COERCION NON-INTERFERENCE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF ONE ANOTHER NON-INTERFERENCE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF ONE ANOTHER SETTLEMENT OF DIFFERENCES AND DISPUTES BY PEACEFUL MEANS SETTLEMENT OF DIFFERENCES AND DISPUTES BY PEACEFUL MEANS RENUNCIATION OF THE THREAT OF USE OF FORCE. RENUNCIATION OF THE THREAT OF USE OF FORCE.

12. ASEAN IN THE POST COLD WAR ERA WHEN THE WORLD ENTERED THE POST COLD WAR ERA, ASEAN MUST BE FACING MORE SECURITY CHALLENGES FROM THE CHANGES OF REGIONAL SECURITY CONDITION AND ALSO NON- TRADITIONAL SECURITY THREATS. THE ASEAN WAY, TAC, ASEAN CONCORD DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH POWER TO ANTICIPATE THAT PROBLEMS. WHEN THE WORLD ENTERED THE POST COLD WAR ERA, ASEAN MUST BE FACING MORE SECURITY CHALLENGES FROM THE CHANGES OF REGIONAL SECURITY CONDITION AND ALSO NON- TRADITIONAL SECURITY THREATS. THE ASEAN WAY, TAC, ASEAN CONCORD DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH POWER TO ANTICIPATE THAT PROBLEMS. THE ANSWER OF THAT CONDITION WAS THE PHENOMENON OF ARMS ACQUISITION BETWEEN ASEAN MEMBERS. BUT THAT CHOICE COULDN’T ANSWER THE NEW SECURITY CHALLENGE IN ASIA PACIFIC. THE ANSWER OF THAT CONDITION WAS THE PHENOMENON OF ARMS ACQUISITION BETWEEN ASEAN MEMBERS. BUT THAT CHOICE COULDN’T ANSWER THE NEW SECURITY CHALLENGE IN ASIA PACIFIC.

13. THE NEW APPROACHMENT ASEAN SUMMIT 1992 AS A NEW APPROACHMENT FOR ASEAN IN THE FUTURE ASEAN SUMMIT 1992 AS A NEW APPROACHMENT FOR ASEAN IN THE FUTURE ASEAN THEN DECIDED TO FORM ASEAN REGIONAL FORUM WITH THE SPIRIT OF MANAGING REGIONAL SECURITY THROUGH COOPERATIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY (CBM, PREVENTIVE DIPLOMACY AND CONFLICT PREVENTION). ASEAN THEN DECIDED TO FORM ASEAN REGIONAL FORUM WITH THE SPIRIT OF MANAGING REGIONAL SECURITY THROUGH COOPERATIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE SECURITY (CBM, PREVENTIVE DIPLOMACY AND CONFLICT PREVENTION). ASEAN ALSO ENLARGED THEIR MEMBERS TOWARD ASEAN TEN ON 1999. ASEAN ALSO ENLARGED THEIR MEMBERS TOWARD ASEAN TEN ON 1999.

14. ASEAN TOWARD INTEGRATION ASEAN SUMMIT ON BALI 2003 PRODUCED BALI CONCORD II AS A BASIC COMMITMENT TO BUILD ASEAN COMMUNITY ON 2015 WHICH BASED ON THREE PILLARS ASEAN SUMMIT ON BALI 2003 PRODUCED BALI CONCORD II AS A BASIC COMMITMENT TO BUILD ASEAN COMMUNITY ON 2015 WHICH BASED ON THREE PILLARS ASEAN ECONOMY COMMUNITY ASEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY ASEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY ASEAN SOSIAL AND CULTURE COMMUNITY ASEAN SOSIAL AND CULTURE COMMUNITY

15. ASEAN VISION 2020 focusing on the purpose to make ASEAN on 2020 as a concert of Southeast Asian Nations living in peace, stability and prosperity, bonded together in partnership in dynamic development and in a community of caring focusing on the purpose to make ASEAN on 2020 as a concert of Southeast Asian Nations living in peace, stability and prosperity, bonded together in partnership in dynamic development and in a community of caring This vision will focusing on the greater cooperation between ASEAN members on political and security field, making economic cooperation more integrated and also strengthening the relation between ASEAN Societies through closer cooperation in the basic of common identity, historical background and cultural heritage. This vision then develop into Hanoi Plan of Action on 1998. This vision will focusing on the greater cooperation between ASEAN members on political and security field, making economic cooperation more integrated and also strengthening the relation between ASEAN Societies through closer cooperation in the basic of common identity, historical background and cultural heritage. This vision then develop into Hanoi Plan of Action on 1998.

16. ASEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY A Security Community exist when a group of countries have forged a sense of collective identity, meaning they will settle differences without resorting to force. The mantra here is renunciation of the use of force or threat of use of force. In this regard, it is important for ASEAN to develop a higher degree of confidence and trust, by which members no longer perceive threats as coming from within the community A Security Community exist when a group of countries have forged a sense of collective identity, meaning they will settle differences without resorting to force. The mantra here is renunciation of the use of force or threat of use of force. In this regard, it is important for ASEAN to develop a higher degree of confidence and trust, by which members no longer perceive threats as coming from within the community

17. ASC PLAN OF ACTION POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT SHAPING AND SHARING NORMS SHAPING AND SHARING NORMS CONFLICT PREVENTION CONFLICT PREVENTION CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONFLICT RESOLUTION POST-CONFLICT PEACE BUILDING POST-CONFLICT PEACE BUILDING

18. SECURITY COMMUNITY AS A THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK SC DEFINITION FROM KARL W. DEUTSCH SC DEFINITION FROM KARL W. DEUTSCH a transnational regional comprised a sovereign states whose people maintain dependable expectation of peaceful change. Because of that security community as Deutsch mention must be building two basic charasteristic. First, the absence of war and the second is the absence of significant organized preparation for war vis a vis any other members.

19. SECURITY COMMUNITY Deutsch added that the important prequisite to build security community is the process of building common identity, loyality and “we feeling” Deutsch added that the important prequisite to build security community is the process of building common identity, loyality and “we feeling”

20. SC CONCEPT FROM AMITAV ACHARYA ACCORDING TO ASEAN ASEAN could facilitated the ways for building security community in the basic of the development of trust, especially through norms of conduct, the development of a regional culture built around common values such as as democracy, developmentalism or human right, the development of regional functional projects that encourage belief in a common destiny and the development of social learning, involving redefinition and reinterpretation of reality, exchange of self-understandings, perception of realities and normative expectations among the group of states and their diffusion from country to country. ASEAN could facilitated the ways for building security community in the basic of the development of trust, especially through norms of conduct, the development of a regional culture built around common values such as as democracy, developmentalism or human right, the development of regional functional projects that encourage belief in a common destiny and the development of social learning, involving redefinition and reinterpretation of reality, exchange of self-understandings, perception of realities and normative expectations among the group of states and their diffusion from country to country.

21. SECURITY COMMUNITY FROM ACHARYA’S PERSPECTIVE Acharya noted that there are five elements inside security community (1) strict and observed norms concerning of force; on competitive arms acquisition and contingency-planning against each other within the grouping; (2)institutions and processes (formal or informal) for the pacific settlement of disputes; (3) long-term prospects for war avoidance; (4) significant functional cooperation and integration and(5) a sense of collective identity. Acharya noted that there are five elements inside security community (1) strict and observed norms concerning of force; on competitive arms acquisition and contingency-planning against each other within the grouping; (2)institutions and processes (formal or informal) for the pacific settlement of disputes; (3) long-term prospects for war avoidance; (4) significant functional cooperation and integration and(5) a sense of collective identity.

22. PROSPECT AND CHALLENGE OF ASEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY PROSPECTS THE EFFORT TO BUILD “WE FEELING” AS AN IMPORTANT MANNER ON ASC THROUGH SHAPING AND SHARING COMMON NORMS AND VALUES WILL GIVE BENEFICIAL CONTRIBUTION TO HARNESS THE POWER OF ASEAN TEN. THE EFFORT TO BUILD “WE FEELING” AS AN IMPORTANT MANNER ON ASC THROUGH SHAPING AND SHARING COMMON NORMS AND VALUES WILL GIVE BENEFICIAL CONTRIBUTION TO HARNESS THE POWER OF ASEAN TEN.

23. THE ASEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY PROSPECT They don’t want to fight each other and always try to solve the dispute problems especially in security area through conflict resolution on pacific settlement means. They don’t want to fight each other and always try to solve the dispute problems especially in security area through conflict resolution on pacific settlement means. The ASEAN members could improve and strenghten their cooperation in security and defense areas to anticipate and also fighting together the existential threat from transnational actor that brings several non-tradisional security threats such as terrorism, piracy and maritime terrorism, drugstrafficking, illegal logging, illegal fishing and human trafficking. The ASEAN members could improve and strenghten their cooperation in security and defense areas to anticipate and also fighting together the existential threat from transnational actor that brings several non-tradisional security threats such as terrorism, piracy and maritime terrorism, drugstrafficking, illegal logging, illegal fishing and human trafficking.

24. THE ASEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY PROSPECT Avoiding War Avoiding War Bigger effort to arrange conflict management process and leaving the concept of swept under carpet Bigger effort to arrange conflict management process and leaving the concept of swept under carpet Advance relation on the basic of ASEAN Charter Advance relation on the basic of ASEAN Charter

25. THE CHALLENGES OF ASEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY How to build a collective identity as an ASEAN Nation How to build a collective identity as an ASEAN Nation Problems of political development toward democratization and respect of human right Problems of political development toward democratization and respect of human right Problems of how to build a new formal mechanism for conflict management Problems of how to build a new formal mechanism for conflict management Problems how to leave swept under carpet model and non-interference principle Problems how to leave swept under carpet model and non-interference principle

26. THE CHALLENGES OF ASEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY ASEAN MEMBERS (GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY) MUST BE MANAGE THEIR POWER DIVERSITIES INTO PEACEFULL MEANS THROUGH HABIT DIALOGUE, CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASSURES, POSITIVE INTERFERENCE, PEACE-MAKING AND PEACE-KEEPING PROCESS ASEAN MEMBERS (GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY) MUST BE MANAGE THEIR POWER DIVERSITIES INTO PEACEFULL MEANS THROUGH HABIT DIALOGUE, CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASSURES, POSITIVE INTERFERENCE, PEACE-MAKING AND PEACE-KEEPING PROCESS ASEAN MEMBERS MUST BE ENCOURAGED TO USE FORMAL MECHANISM TO SOLVE POLITICAL AND SECURITY PROBLEMS ASEAN MEMBERS MUST BE ENCOURAGED TO USE FORMAL MECHANISM TO SOLVE POLITICAL AND SECURITY PROBLEMS