1. L EV V YGOTSKY Socialization Language Variety of Learners Gribbin- Week 2

2. O VERVIEW OF V YGOTSKY ’ S B ELIEF : Social Development Theory All children must interact to learn! Development occurs in early childhood stages and the transitions through each stage implement human development. Constructivism Social interaction The More Knowledgeable Other –(MKO) The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

3. S OCIAL D EVELOPMENT THEORY Social learning will occur first, then development happens. Vygosky believes that a child’s cultural development begins with social interaction (“between people”) then is followed by individual learning (“inside the child”). Social learning can occur through communication: writing, speech, and culture. using social learning tools will help children develop higher thinking skills.

4. How to Help your students Use Higher Order Thinking Skills Always remember: You are not a lecturer. You are a teacher. Vygotsky believed that students should play active roles within the classroom. the role of the teacher and student should be reversed to allow more individual thought. The teacher should only facilitate discussion- the students should be the ones talking. The teacher should ask a question and wait for an answer: Allow the students to talk out the correct response, and more importantly think. Always remember: You are not a lecturer. You are a teacher. Vygotsky believed that students should play active roles within the classroom. the role of the teacher and student should be reversed to allow more individual thought. The teacher should only facilitate discussion- the students should be the ones talking. The teacher should ask a question and wait for an answer: Allow the students to talk out the correct response, and more importantly think.

5. C ONSTRUCTIVISM We must reflect on our social interactions and daily experiences, and use the knowledge of others to understand and learn in the world we live in. “ A learner must construct the meaning of a topic, not just memorize it!”

6. S OCIAL INTERACTION Vygotsky felt that children developed using communication and social interactions. Vygotsky saw learning and development as working with another person; which means development comes before learning. Suggestions for use in your classroom : Allow your students to ask you questions. Cooperative learning techniques such as peer reading, small group activities, and whole group discussions. Students with disabilities work with student with out a disability.

7. T HE M ORE K NOWLEDGEABLE OTHER (MKO)  The MKO refers to any individual that has a higher ability level or better understanding of the learner.  MKO could be: teacher, adult, peer, younger person, or even a computer. The MKO will support the learner to accomplish a task within the learner’s own Zone of Proximal Development…

8. T HE Z ONE OF P ROXIMAL D EVELOPMENT ( ZPD ) Working together to Succeed ! Vygotsky believed that learning occurred in this Zone! ZPD is the difference between the student’s ability to complete a task with the supports of an MKO versus the student’s ability to complete the task independently. Vygotsky did not imply that the MKO had to show the child how to do something. The ZPD was in fact just a child and MKO engaging in an activity that allowed the child to refine his thinking or performance to make the end product more successful.

9. Z ONE OF P ROXIMAL D EVELOPMENT Visual taken from source #1 Child’s independent level ZPD beyond student’s reach at present time

10. Bibliography: Atherton, J. S., (2009) Learning and Teaching; Constructivism in learning.http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/constructivism. htm. retrieved: 30 January 2010 Slide- 9 Brooks, Jacqueline, and Martin Brooks. Constructivism. retrieved January 30, 2010. http://www.funderstanding.com/content/constructivism Slide- 5 Child Development Reference. Vol. 8. Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) http://social.jrank.org/pages/677/Vygotsky-Lev-1896-1934.html. Retrieved 30 January Slide- 4, 6 Social Development Theory(Vygotsky) 2008. Learning-Theories.com.. http://www.learning-theories.com/vygotskys-social-learning- theory.html. Retrieved January 30, 2010 Slide- 3,7,8