1. U.S. MOBILIZES FOR WAR The U.S. mobilized (moved) towards the war effort. HOW DID THE U.S. PREPARE FOR WAR?

2. RAISING AN ARMY U.S. NEEDED SOLDIERS SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT –P–P–P–Passed by Congress –K–K–K–Known as the “DRAFT” Drafted all men between the ages of 21 – 30 24 million were eligible 3 million were selected by a lottery USED PROPAGANDA –7–7–7–73,000 men enlisted

3. PRODUCING WEAPONS AND SUPPLIES FOR THE MILITARY CREATED A WARTIME INDUSTRY –I–I–I–Industries changed from making consumer goods to making weapons and supplies for the military. War Industries Board –C–C–C–Created by Congress –I–I–I–It was set up to oversee the production and distribution of goods manufactured by the nation’s wartime industries.

4. WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD Government issued Military Contracts to industries. Boosted industrial production by 20%

5. OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES REGULATED THE ECONOMY FUEL ADMINISTRATION –W–W–W–Watched over the use of coal, gasoline an heating oil. FOOD ADMINISTRATION –E–E–E–Established to increase the production of food. –E–E–E–Encouraged people to conserve food. Victory Gardens, Meatless Mondays, Wheatless Wednesdays Americans were able to send more food to the Allies and feed our soldiers.

6. THE WAR ECONOMY HOW DID THE GOVERNMENT RAISE MONEY TO PAY FOR THE WAR? Raised Taxes Sold War Bonds –Became known as “Liberty Bonds” –Raised more than $20 billion

7. (ECONOMY CONTINUED) WORKERS & WAGES DURING THE WAR National War Labor Board –Created to settle labor disputes –Supported: Collective Bargaining Outlined Minimum Wages & Maximum Hours Equal Pay for Women

8. UNIONS DURING THE WAR Went on Strike for better wages and working conditions Result: –Employers had to give into demands because they were faced with meeting their military quota. Filling military contracts was a priority –Wages Increased –Established an 8-hour Workday

9. LABOR SHORTAGE Employers turned to non-traditional workers –W–W–W–Women –A–A–A–African-Americans The Great Migration –A–A–A–African-Americans moved to northern cities to find jobs

10. PROMOTING THE WAR GAINING PUBLIC SUPPORT & PROMOTING THE WAR TO THE PUBLIC WAS CRUCIAL Government created the COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC INFORMATION –Chairman – George Creel – former Muckracker journalist –Nation’s first Propaganda Agency –Artists, Advertisers, Posters, Cartoons, Parades, “4-Minute Men” gave speeches anywhere, anytime all to promote the war.

11. ANTI-GERMAN FEELING IN U.S.  Schools stopped teaching “German” as a foreign language  German Names were changed: “Sauerkraut” renamed “Liberty Cabbage “Hamburger” renamed “ Liberty Sausage” German Americans lost their jobs, forced to recite the Pledge of Allegiance, kiss U.S. flag, buy war bonds

12. PATRIOTISM IS PROMOTED IN U.S. European Names were changed or pronounced differently: –“French Fries” renamed “Victory Fries” –Town in Ohio “Russia” pronounced “Roosia” Patriotic Songs –“Over There” Patriotic Movies Patriotic Poems

13. PATRIOTIC SONGS PATRIOTIC SONGS JOHN PHILIP SOUSA – BAND DIRECTOR –Joined the navy at age 62 – navy band members exceeded 300 – U.S. Marine Band Entertained troops, assisted in Liberty Loan and Red Cross drives –Wrote more marching songs than anyone in history –140 military marches, including: Semper Fidelis Semper Fidelis Marching Song Semper Fidelis –Motto of Marines since 1883 means “Always Faithful” The Stars and Stripes Forever –Inspired feelings of patriotism that is still felt today when his songs are played across the country. –Wrote the “Wedding March” which replaced music of German composers – still used today