1. Study of Biology

2. What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things
Living things are called organisms
Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals

3. All Living Things Share Common Characteristics
Basic Unit is the Cell
They Reproduce
All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA)
Grow & Develop

4. Common Characteristics
Obtain & Use Materials & Energy
Respond To Their Environment
Maintain A Stable Internal Environment
AS A GROUP, Living Things Evolve, That Is They Change Over Time

5. Characteristics of Organisms
The Rafflesia, the worlds largest type of flower. Its nickname is “the corpse flower” because it emits an odor that  smells like decaying flesh.
Finger Puppet Monkeys or Baby Pygmy Marmosets?

6. All Organisms are made of Cells

7. Cell Facts Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism
The simplest cells are called Prokaryotes
These cells DO NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Bacteria are examples

8. More Cell Facts More complex cells are called Eukaryotes
These cells DO have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Plants, animals, protists, & fungi are examples

9. Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits

10. Two Types of Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Involves 2 parents
Egg fertilized (internally or externally) by sperm to make a ZYGOTE
Offspring DIFFERENT from parents

11. Two Types of Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Involves a single organism or cell
Cell divides
Offspring IDENTICAL to parent
Examples: Budding, Gemmules, Fragmentation, Regeneration, Parthogenisis, Binary Fission, Cloning.

12. Cells Have a Genetic Code

13. Genetic Code
DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms
All organisms contain DNA
DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work

14. Organisms Grow & Develop

15. Growth & Development
Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT
Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism

16. Cells Require Food & Energy

17. Food Requirements Autotrophs can make their own food
Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make food (photosynthesis)
Chemoautotrophs use chemicals such as iron & sulfur as their energy

18. Food Requirements Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food
They must consume other organisms
Herbivores eat plants
Carnivores eat meat
Omnivores eat plants & animals

19. Metabolism Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism
All require energy
Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth

20. Organisms Respond to Stimuli/Adaptation
Organisms Respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce

21. Homeostasis
Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life
Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc.

22. Living Things Evolve
Groups Of Organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments.
Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms

23. Life is Organized on Several Levels

24. Levels Atoms Molecules Organelles Cells – life starts here Tissues
Organs
System
Organism