1. Angiosperms- Flowering Plants
Phylum: Anthophyta

2. Introduction First appeared 135 mya during Cretaceous period
Most recent of plant phyla
Vast majority of living plant species have a method of reproduction and development that involves flowers and fruits

3. Flowers and fruit Develop unique reproductive organs known as flowers
They attract animals which transports pollen from flower to flower
More efficient than wind pollination
Flowers contain ovaries which surround and protect the seeds
After pollination develops into fruit
A wall of tissue surrounding the seed
Protects the seed and aids in dispersal
Aids in success of plants

4. Seed dispersal
Using fruit to attract animals increases the range the plants inhabit
Animals eat the fruit, seeds from the core enter the digestive tract and leave ready to sprout when the animal has traveled some distance from the parent plant

5. Monocots and dicots
Cotyledon- the 1st leaf or pair of leaves produced by the embryo
Two classes of angiosperms
Monocots
1 seed leaf
Corn, wheat, lilies, orchids, and palms
Dicots
2 seed leaves
Roses, clover, tomatoes, oaks, and daisies

6. Monocots vs. dicots Monocots Dicots Seeds Single cotyledon
Two cotyledon
Leaves
Parallel veins
Branched veins
Flowers
Floral parts often in multiples of 3
Floral parts often in multiples of 4 or 5
Stems
Vascular bundles scattered throughout stem
Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Roots
Fibrous roots
taproot

7. Woody and herbaceous plants
Flowering plants can be subdivided by characteristics of stem
Woody
Made of cells with thick cell walls that support the plant body
Trees, shrubs, and vines
Grapes, ivy, blueberries, rhododendrons, and roses
Herbaceous
Smooth and nonwoody
Do not produce wood as they grow
Dandelions, zinnias, petunias, and sunflowers

8. Annuals, biennials, and perennials
The life span of plants is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors
There are three categories of plant life spans
Annuals
Grow from seed to maturity, flower, produce seeds and die in one growing season
Garden plants such as marigolds, petunias, pansies, wheat and cucumbers
Biennials
Complete their life cycles in two years
First year grow roots and short stems and sometimes leaves
Second year grow new stems and leaves then produce flowers and seeds, once the flower produces seeds the plant dies
Parsley, celery, foxgloves, evening primrose
Perennials
Live for more than two years
Peonies, asparagus, and many grasses have herbaceous stems that die each winter and are replaced in the spring
Most have woody stems
Palm trees, sagebush, maple trees, and honeysuckle