1. Future Directions in Research Networking - A Perspective from Europe Dai Davies : General Manager : DANTE Ltd dai.davies@dante.org.uk www.dante.net 16th APAN Meeting Advanced Network Conference Busan Korea August 2003

2. The Ages of European Research Networking The Pioneering Age (1980 - 1988) The Rationing Age (1988 - 1996) The Co-operation Age (1996 - 2001) The Age of the GÉANT (2001 - )

3. Technology Available 1991-2002 PeriodMost performant Data Link Technology Available Technology Available in pan-European Network Technology Available in United States Network 1991 - 199534/45 Mbps PDH2 Mbps PDH45 Mbps PDH 1996 - 1997155 Mbps SDH45 Mbps PDH155 Mbps SDH 1997 - 2000622 Mbps SDH155 Mbps SDH622 Mbps SDH 2000 +10 Gbps DWDM 2.5 Gbps DWDM

4. Price Trends pan-European Connectivity 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 199619971998-91999-20002000-012002 average offer price lowest offer price

5. GÉANT Topology June 2003

6. Huge Increase in Network Capacity –TEN-155 3 Gbps –GÉANT 150 Gbps 9 10 Gbps Accesses 20 Gbps Global Interconnection Regional Initiatives – Mediterranean – Latin America GÉANT

7. Divergence of Costs New Usage patterns Hardware Costs Global Developments GÉANT Issues

8. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Range of Shared CostsRange of ConnectivitySmoothing of Shared Costs 1996 1999 2002 Divergence of Costs

9. Support for European VLBI Radio Telescope Correlator Data Flows (RT or non-RT)

10. EVN Traffic Flows over GÉANT UK SE FR NL BE DE1 DE2 CZ PL CH IT AT SURFnetJANETGARRPSNCDFN NORDUnet 2.5G 10G 256M 512M? 1G JIVE

11. 10 Gbps Router Interface Transmission Costs Switched and Routed Architecture 40 Gbps Interface Hardware Costs

12. Europe - Where Next...….?

13. 40 Gbps Technology Cost Multiple 2.5 Gbps or 10 Gbps wavelengths Interfacing Costs – Routers – Switches Is Speed Everything?

14. Enhanced Network Security Role of DIY Transmission New Architecture Resource Allocation Move from Connectivity to Controlability Technical Challenges

15. Increasing Divergence of Costs Transmission is Distance Dependent Cost New Usage Patterns Cost Challenges

16. DWDM Cost Data

17. Today Ad-Hoc Organisation Question of Who Pays Inter-Regional Organisation Global Demand? Global Co-operation

18. We are Deploying the Most Advanced Technology Can we Control it? Will we be able to Continue to Afford it? Summary