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Teaching Warfare in the Classroom The DIME Approach to Analyzing the Civil War.

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Presentation on theme: "Teaching Warfare in the Classroom The DIME Approach to Analyzing the Civil War."— Presentation transcript:

1 Teaching Warfare in the Classroom The DIME Approach to Analyzing the Civil War

2 What is DIME? DIME is an acronym -Diplomacy -Information -Military -Economics Advantage - Allows for comparisons and systematic analysis Disadvantage - Does not allow for detailed analysis of events

3 Diplomacy Potential Allies – external - Great Britain - France - A divided America or anti-slavery? Key States: - Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia, Delaware Potential Allies – internal - Confederacy – “Copperheads” or “Peace Democrats” - Union – Unionists and Blacks

4 Intelligence Communication (Command and Control) Media (public perception) Ideology Information

5 Information - Intelligence The Bureau of Military Information Confederate Secret Service Bureau Spies Code Breaking Deception Covert Surveillance Black Dispatches Intelligence Overseas http://www.fas.org/irp/cia/product/civilwar.pdf

6 Information – Command and Control Civilian Authority Communications: Telegraph System

7 Information - Media Northern Press Southern Press

8 The Constitution Abolitionism The Gettysburg Address - Equality of the individual at the expense of the rule of law - Majority Rule at the expense of individual liberty Information - Ideology

9 Strategy and Operations Technology Commanders Logistics Impact on society Military

10 American Tradition - Revolutionary War (guerrilla) - Engineering / new technology Mexican-American War - Training Ground for commanders Napoleonic Wars - Climactic Battles - Wars of maneuver Military – Strategy

11 Military – Grand Strategy

12 The Art of War 1. Achieving the Objective without Destroying It 2. Avoid Strength, Attack Weakness: Striking Where the Enemy is Most Vulnerable 3. Deception and Foreknowledge: Winning the Information War 4. Speed and Preparation: Moving Swiftly to Overcome Resistance 5. Shaping the Enemy: Preparing the Battlefield 6. Character-Based Leadership: Leading by Example To what extent were these principles practiced? Military – Sun Tzu

13 Treaties on Grand Military Operations 1. Strategic initiative 2. Concentration of effort against a portion of the enemy 3. Pursuit of a beaten foe 4. Surprise 5. Line of Operations Military – Jomini

14 On War 1. Limited War: Specific Objectives 2. Unlimited War: Overthrow the enemy 3. Wars tend to escalate 4. Importance of Friction 5. Politics should determine the objective (The holy triad) Military – Clausewitz “War is nothing but the continuation of policy by other means” Reason (Government) Chance (Military) Primoridal Violence (The People)

15 Military – Technology

16 Military - Commanders

17 Military – Logistics Food, clothing, shelter Bullets and guns Transportation - Trains Medicine - Anesthetics / medicine - Field Hospitals - Surgeons - Nurses

18 Military - Army Organization Regiments =400-1000 men, made up of 10 companies; Company = 100 men Brigade 1000-2500 men 3-5 Regiments Brigade 1000-2500 men 3-5 Regiments Brigade 1000-2500 men 3-5 Regiments Division 3000-8000 men 3-5 Brigades Division 3000-8000 men 3-5 Brigades Division 3000-8000 men 3-5 Brigades Corp 8000-20,000 men 3-5 Division Corp 8000-20,000 men 3-5 Division Corp 8000-20,000 men 3-5 Division Army 40,000-80,000 men 2-6 Corps Regiment Union level of Organization at Bull Run Confederate level of Organization at Bull Run

19 Habeas Corpus – Union and Confederacy 1862 - Militia Act, authorizing black enlistment Elections in 1864 (majority rule established) Conscription and Desertions Emancipation Proclamation Riots – “a rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight” - Bread (South) - Draft (North) Total War – increase in governmental power Military - Impact

20 Railroad mileage is from: Chauncey Depew (ed.), One Hundred Years of American Commerce 1795-1895 p 111; For other info see: 1860 US census and Carter, Susan B., ed. The Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition (5 vols), 2006.Chauncey Depew1860 US census Comparison of North and SouthNorthSouth Total population22,000,0009,000,000 White population22,000,0005,500,000 Slave populationN/A3,500,000 Soldiers2,200,0001,064,000 Railroad miles21,788 (71%)8,838 (29%) Manufactured items90 percent10 percent Firearm production97 percent3 percent Bales of cotton in 1860Negligible4.5 million Bales of cotton in 1864Negligible300,000 Pre-war U.S. exports30 percent70 percent Economics - Overview

21 Economics - Population

22 Economics - Trade

23 Economics – Government Revenue

24 Questions?

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