1. Computer Animation Rick Parent Computer Animation Algorithms and Techniques Behavioral Animation: The Individual

2. Computer Animation Rick Parent Individual Autonomous Behavior Behavior: Manifestations of Individuality Body Expressions and Gestures Facial expressions Speech Autonomy: ‘Self-animated’ characters Internal state: psychology & biology & reasoning abilities Perception & reasoning about environment

3. Computer Animation Rick Parent Modeling Personality Personality – long term qualities Emotions – short term Mood* – third level Basic emotions*: happy, sad, fear, disgust, surprise, anger Source: Psychology literature

4. Computer Animation Rick Parent Reasoning Suggested precedence classes of internal state variables Imperatives Desires Suggestions Preferences: e.g. doesn’t like hamburgers Biological urges: hunger, survival, etc. Rational objectives: e.g., grab some ‘fast food’

5. Computer Animation Rick Parent Knowledge of world Background knowledge: e.g., physics AI - e.g., semantic networks Vision & other sense FoV occlusions Memory permanent v. transient events

6. Computer Animation Rick Parent Levels of Behavior Hooks for the animator to impose control Arbitration among competing intentions

7. Computer Animation Rick Parent Personality Models Biology/evolutionary approaches brain & anatomy biochemistry & personality genetics & personality Psychoanalytic approach psychometrics Freud, Adler, Jung Adaptation Theory: traits: passive, aggressive, withdrawn Need theory: Freud + experiential learning Arousal Theory: absorb & discharge energy

8. Computer Animation Rick Parent Type & Trait Theory Type: individuals slotted into a type e.g. introvert v. extrovert, Type A v. Type B Trait: lie on gradation combination defines behavior in situation e.g., aggressive, play, order Internal states: how perceptions dictate emotional experience

9. Computer Animation Rick Parent Trait Theory OCEAN: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism PEN: psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism OCC: how perceptions dictate emotional experience

10. Computer Animation Rick Parent Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) Body - describes structural and physical characteristics of the human body while moving. Effort - the way a movement is done with respect to inner intention. Shape - the way the body changes shape during movement. Space - nvolves motion in connection with the environment, and with spatial patterns, pathways, and lines of spatial tension. Tool for human motion description http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laban_Movement_Analysis

11. Computer Animation Rick Parent Speech Synthesis

12. Computer Animation Rick Parent Tools for Speech ToBI: http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~tobi/http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~tobi/ Tones and Break Indices Festival: http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/ Speech Synthesis System text to speech Praat: http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/ Speech analysis, synthesis, manipulation MBROLA: http://tcts.fpms.ac.be/synthesis/mbrola.htmlhttp://tcts.fpms.ac.be/synthesis/mbrola.html

13. Computer Animation Rick Parent EMOTE Speech driven movement and gestures Torso & arms Laban Movement Analysis Effort Shape Norm Badler at U.Penn

14. Computer Animation Rick Parent BEAT Input text – marked up Generate non-verbal behavior in sync with speech Facial expressions, head & body motions gestures http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~village/ruth/ Justine Cassell at M.I.T.

15. Computer Animation Rick Parent ruth http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~village/ruth/ Doug DeCalro at Rutgers

16. Computer Animation Rick Parent Facial Expression http://expression.sourceforge.net/

17. Computer Animation Rick Parent Facial Expression Ken Perlin: http://mrl.nyu.edu/~perlin/http://mrl.nyu.edu/~perlin/

18. Computer Animation Rick Parent Dominant personality AlphaWolf: http://alumni.media.mit.edu/~badger/alphaWolf.htmlhttp://alumni.media.mit.edu/~badger/alphaWolf.html