1. Prenatal Care

2. Eating Rights -“You are what you eat” (balanced diet) -Focus on “nutrient-dense” foods (high amount of nutrients per amount of calories) such as whole grains and fruits and vegetables, instead of cheeseburgers and fries. -Intake appropriate amounts of carbohydrates, protein, fat, and vitamins

3. Protein: –Important for growing fetus –The amino acids in protein contribute to brain, muscle, hair, skin, and immune system growth. Carbohydrates: –More than half of all calories should come from this source –Carbohydrates are an important source of energy Fat: –Fats are vital for overall health –Assist the body in the use of vitamins (e.g. A, and D) –Should account for no more than 30% of calories

4. Vitamins Folic Acid: assists in the making of blood and contributes to the development of baby’s nervous system. Prevents birth defects (e.g. spina bifida) B Vitamins: important for nerve cells and red blood cells Vitamin A: important for bones and vision, however, too much can be damaging to baby Vitamin C: helps produce collagen, which contributes to bone, muscle, and blood vessel development Vitamin D: for proper bone and tissue development Minerals: Calcium: builds strong bones and teeth Iron: creates blood supply for fetus by bolstering mother’s red blood cell count.

5. WATER Remaining hydrated is very important for proper body function. Drink plenty of water, juice, and other liquids (but no caffeine), especially if the weather is hot.

6. Weight Gain Women are expected to gain 25-35lbs during pregnancy. This should occur gradually. 3-4 lbs:first trimester 12-14 lbs: second trimester 8-10 lbs:third trimester

7. Exercise Exercise during pregnancy can be therapeutic and energizing, however it must not be overdone. Discomforts such as back pain and swollen ankles can be minimized through exercise.

8. Emotions During pregnancy, mood swings and irritability are common. -e.g.worries about the health of the baby Stress is common, but must be reduced in order to avoid dangers, such as premature birth.

9. Dangers Substances and exposures that can cause birth defects are called Teratogens. Alcohol (brain damage and miscarriage) Smoking (premature birth, low birth weight) Drugs (risk of stroke, brain damage, etc) Caffeine (not considered a teratogen, however, can contribute to low birth weight and miscarriage)