2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Biochemistry Chapter 3 Table of Contents Section 1 Carbon Compounds Section 2 Molecules of Life

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Objectives Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. Explain the importance of carbon bonding in biological molecules. Identify functional groups in biological molecules. Summarize how large carbon molecules are synthesized and broken down. Describe how the breaking down of ATP supplies energy to drive chemical reactions.

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Carbon Bonding Organic compounds Most inorganic compounds

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Carbon Bonding, continued Carbon atoms can readily form

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 3 Carbon Bonding Section 1 Carbon Compounds

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Functional Groups Functional groups are

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Large Carbon Molecules Condensation reactions join monomers (small simple molecules) to form polymers. A condensation reaction In a hydrolysis reaction,

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 1 Carbon Compounds Chapter 3 Energy Currency Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Objectives Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides,and polysaccharides. Explain the relationship between amino acids and protein structure. Describe the induced fit model of enzyme action. Compare the structure and function of each of the different types of lipids. Compare the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of Carbohydrates are a source of

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Carbohydrates, continued Monosaccharides –Carbohydrates are made up of monomers called

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Carbohydrates, continued Disaccharides and Polysaccharides –Two monosaccharides join to form a double sugar called a –A complex sugar, or polysaccharide, is made of three or more

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Proteins Proteins are organic compounds Proteins have many functions including

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Proteins, continued Amino Acids –Proteins are made up of monomers called amino acids. The sequence of amino acids

16. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Proteins, continued Dipeptides and Polypeptides –Two amino acids are joined by –A long chain of amino acids is called a

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 3 Structure of Proteins Section 2 Molecules of Life

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Proteins, continued Enzymes –Enzymes speed up –The binding of a substrate with an enzyme causes a change in

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 3 Enzyme Activity Section 2 Molecules of Life

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Lipids Lipids are

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 3 Fats Section 2 Molecules of Life

22. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Lipids, continued Fatty Acids –Most lipids contain fatty acids,

23. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Lipids, continued Triglycerides –Triglycerides consist of

24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Lipids, continued Phospholipids –Phospholipids, which make up cell membranes, consist of

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Lipids, continued Waxes –A wax is made of Steroids –A steroid is composed of

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids A nucleic acid is a

27. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Chapter 3 Structure of Nucleic Acids Section 2 Molecules of Life

28. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Molecules of Life Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids, continued The nucleic acid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contains Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules play many key roles in