1. English

2.  a lyric poem  fourteen lines  written in iambic pentameter  with a definite rhyme scheme  and a definite thought structure

3. The English or Shakespearean sonnet, developed first by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1517-1547) Spenserian The Italian, or Petrarchan sonnet, named after Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374), the Italian poet, was introduced into English poetry in the early 16th century by Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542).

4.  3 Quatrains  1 Couplet (often functions as the moral of the sonnet)  Rhyme Scheme ◦ Abab cdcd efef gg  Theme builds from quatrain to quatrain, using couplet for dramatic statement.  Uses the first 12 lines to present the problem and the last couplet to solve or restate it.  Iambic Pentameter

5. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? a Thou art more lovely and more temperate: b Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, a And summer's lease hath all too short a date: b Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,c And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; d And every fair from fair sometime declines, c By chance, or nature's changing course untrimm'd;d But thy eternal summer shall not fade, e Nor lose possession of that fair thou know'st; f Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, e When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:f So long as man can breath, or eyes can see, g So long lives this, and this gives life to theeg

6. An Iamb is a metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable U followed by an accented syllable /. Pentameter means five iambs per line of poetry

7. U / U / U / U / U /  One day I wrote her name upon the strand, U / U / U / U / U /  But came the waves and wash ed it a way: U / U / U / U / U /  A gain I wrote it with a sec ond hand, U / U / U / U / U /  But came the tide, and made my pains his prey  Edmund Spenser, Amoretti, Sonnet 75

8. Rhythm Terms Metrical Terms Iambic foot- unstressed followed by stressed syllables (insist, unite, repeat) Trochaic foot- inversion stressed syllables followed by unstressed (unit, reaper, instant) Anapestic foot-two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed (intercede, disarranged) Dactylic foot-stressed syllable followed by two unstressed (applejack, Washington) Spondaic foot-two successive stressed syllables (heartbreak, headline) Monometer: one foot (rare) Dimeter: two feet (rare Trimeter: three feet Tetrameter: four feet Pentameter: five feet Hexameter: six feet Heptameter: seven feet (rare)

9.  alliteration: the repetition of initial consonant sounds  assonance: the repetition of vowel sounds between different consonants, such as in neigh/fade  consonance: the repetition of identical consonant sounds before and after different vowel sounds, as in boost/best; it can also be seen within several compound words, such as fulfill and Ping Pong  cacophony: harsh, awkward, or dissonant sounds used deliberately in poetry or prose; the opposite of euphony  euphony: a succession of harmonious sounds used in poetry or prose; the opposite of cacophony  caesura: strong pause or break within a line creating a counter rhythm  onomatopoeia: the use of words that sound like what they mean, such as hiss and boom

10.  allusion: a brief mention that calls a character, event, idea to mind (mythology, biblical, literary, pop culture, historical)  antithesis: opposite ideas in grammatical parallel, (man proposes; God disposes)  apostrophe: usually in poetry but sometimes in prose; the device of calling out to a imaginary, dead, or absent person or to a place, thing, or personified abstraction  connotation: implied or suggested meaning of a word because of its association in the reader's mind and the emotional impact of a word or phrase  conceit: unusually elaborate comparison  denotation: literal definition of a word  hyperbole: deliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis  imagery: words or phrases that use a collection of images to appeal to one or more of the five senses in order to create a mental picture  irony: implies an attitude that is often the opposite of that which is literally expressed.

11.  metaphor: a figure of speech in which one thing is referred to as another; for example, "my love is a fragile flower"  metonymy: speech that makes a term closely related to something serve as it substitute, (the “sword” meaning military career)  mood: similar to tone, mood is the primary emotional attitude of a work  oxymoron: a figure of speech composed of contradictory words or phrases, such as "wise fool"  paradox: apparent contradiction that illuminates truth( ex. courageous fear)  simile: a figure of speech that uses like, as, or as if to make a direct comparison between two essentially different objects, actions, or qualities; for example, "the sky looked like an artist's canvas"  personification: human qualities to an inanimate object  synecdoche: speech that uses the part to stand for the whole, or the whole to stand for the part; (“wheels for a car”, “crown” for the monarchy)  tone: the characteristic emotion or attitude of an author toward the characters, subject, and audience

12. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? a Thou art more lovely and more temperate: b Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, a And summer's lease hath all too short a date: b Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,c And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; d And every fair from fair sometime declines, c By chance, or nature's changing course untrimm'd;d But thy eternal summer shall not fade, e Nor lose possession of that fair thou know'st; f Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, e When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:f So long as man can breath, or eyes can see, g So long lives this, and this gives life to theeg

13.  When, in disgrace with Fortune and men's eyes,  I all alone beweep my outcast state,  And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,  And look upon myself and curse my fate,  Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,  Featured like him, like him with friends possessed, Desiring this man's art, and that man's scope,  With what I most enjoy contented least;  Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,  Haply I think on thee, and then my state,  Like to the lark at break of day arising  From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;  For thy sweet love rememb'red such wealth brings  That then I scorn to change my state with kings.

14.  Title- Connotation/Denotation  Response-What do you think and why?  Vocabulary-Define  Paraphrase-Write each line in your own words (when necessary)  Speaker-Describe  Literary Devices-Identify/Example/ Interpretation  Structure /Organization-Comment  Theme-Identify and write a thesis  Application-Affirm or Challenge your experience. Explain.