1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Chapter 5
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

2. Energy and Living Things
All energy in living systems comes from the sun.

3. Metabolism Using energy to build molecules
Or breaking down molecules for storing energy
Includes photosynthesis and cell respiration

4. Photosynthesis Involves building molecules that store energy
Light energy is converted into sugar
Autotrophs – organisms that need to make their own food.

5. Cellular Respiration
Converts energy from food to ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Heterotrophs - Organisms that need to consume food

6. ATP Stores and Releases energy
ATP is made up of:
3 phosphates
Sugar (ribose)
Base (adenine)
Energy is stored in P to P bond.

7. Energy Cycle Energy given off - heat Energy to make ATP: Respiration
1. Aerobic
2. Anarobic
ADP

8. ADP – Adenosine Diphosphate
A phosphate is gone.
ADP:
Adendine
Ribose
2 phosphates

9. You should already know that we turn sugar into ATP in a process called __________________

10. Where do your cells get ATP?

11. There are two types of respiration:

12. It is found in many products
Alcoholic Fermentation is used to make bread and alcohol products – using yeast
Lactic Acid Fermentation is used to make yogurt and some cheeses - uses bacteria

13. Stages of Cellular Respiration
Steps of: 1. Glycolysis - Process of turning glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. This is an anaerobic process – no oxygen needed.

14. Gylcolysis Total of 4 ATP produced Takes 2 ATP to run gylcolysis
Net gain?

15. Step 2: Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvic Acid is broken into :
Ethyl alcohol and CO2
Ex. Bacteria and Yeast
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvic Acid is broken into:
lactic acid
Ex. Sour milk, sore muscles

16. Lab 14:Yeast Respiration
Food D: Table Sugar
Food C: Milk sugar
Food A: fruit sugar

17. Key point : Electrons release energy when they move
They move toward something that attracts them more.

18. Question 1
What was in the balloon?

19. Was there energy released?
Question 2
Was there energy released?
What evidence do you have?

20. What caused the explosion?
Question 3
What caused the explosion? H+ e- O

21. Energy transfer
Depends upon the tendency of substances to attract electrons
Which of the substances that were originally in the balloon were more willing to give electrons away?

22. Other examples of energy transfer
Rust
Electrons from Iron (with water) are shared with Oxygen to create
Lemon Battery
Electrons move from zinc (A)
Along copper (D)

23. Both matter and energy are conserved in any reaction
Key point 2
Both matter and energy are conserved in any reaction

24. Role Play: Need for electron donors and acceptors
Rules for moving electrons:
Each letter can only have one electron at a time
Electrons can move only to a nearby carrier.
Electrons can move only to a lower energy level.

25. Role Play: Need for electron donors and acceptors
Why did the electrons stop moving?
What was released at each step as the electrons moved?

26. Key point 1 and 2 continued: Energy is released when electrons move.
What form will that energy take?
What is required to keep electrons moving?

27. Where will the electrons stop moving?
A C E D B
B D E A C
A B C D B
D E A B C
E A B C D
C E A B E

28. Which movement will release more energy
1. A to B, A to C
2. B to D, B to E
3. B to D or B to E
4. E to A or A to D

29. Hydrogen fuel cell
Hydrogen is the electron donor

31. Structure of Mitochondria
Found in all eukaryotic cells

32. Steps in Aerobic Respiration
2. Kreb’s cycle
3. Electron transport chain
(Glycolysis takes place)
C6H12O6 + O2 + 2 ATP
H20 + CO ATP
Net Gain of ATP?_________________

33. Steps in Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis – breaks a 6C structure into 2 3 carbon pyruvic acids
Happens in cytoplasm
2 NADH+ are produced

34. A new player: NAD+ NAD+ is an Electron Acceptor
When glucose is broken down H+ is transferred to NAD+
Forms NADH+ is an electron carrier

35. What do we have?

36. Aerobic Respiration Step 2: Kreb’s cycle Occurs if Oxygen is present
Pyruvic acid enters mitochondria
This forms CO2, NADH+, Acetyle-CoA, 2ATP
Kreb’s cycle begins
Where is the energy from glucose?

37. Kreb’s Cycle

38. Aerobic Respiration
Step 3: Electron Transport Chain
34 ATP

39. Players in Electron Trans. Chain
ATP Synthase
Rotor and central shaft
3 bulbs, where ATP is made
Entry and exit port for protons

40. ATP synthase
How many ATP are made with one complete turn of the ATP syn.
How many protons did it take?

41. Players in Electron Trans. Chain
Carbon Molecules
NAD+
Proton Pumps: complex 1, complex 2, complex 3
Quinone (electron carrier)
Cytochrome c (electron carrier – only 1 e at a time)
ATP Synthase

42. Steps in Aerobic Respiration
2. Kreb’s cycle
3. Electron transport chain
(Glycolysis takes place)
C6H12O6 + O2 + 2 ATP
H20 + CO ATP
Net Gain of ATP?_________________

43. Cell Respiration Song

44. Photosynthesis

45. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.

46. Structure of a chloroplast
Thylakoids – pigment found
Light strikes the thylakoids

47. Chloroplast Structure

48. Thykaloid Stucture

49. Stage 1: Light reactions
Light energy is absorbed
Chlorophyll – absorbs blue and red light, reflects yellow and green.
Photo part of photosynthesis

50. Stage 2: Light to Chemical
Use of water – split into H and O2
Oxygen is released as waste.
Production of electron carrier and ATP.

51. Stage 3 Calvin Cycle Sugar Factory, Light independent
ATP , NADPH, CO2 needed
Production of glucose (carbohydrate)
C6H12O6.

52. How are aerobic respiration and photosynthesis related?
C6H12O ATP
CO2 + H ATP
CO2 + H20 + light energy
O2 + C6H12O6
How is this an important part of the ecosystem?