1. Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
6H2O + 6CO ATP
C6H12O6 + 6O2 
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
Glucose + Oxygen > Water + Carbon Dioxide +ATP

2. Glucose Glucose is the fuel most commonly used by the cell
The breakdown of
glucose is AEROBIC
Respiration with
oxygen.

3. Cellular Respiration
A process in which glucose molecule is broken down and ATP is released.

4. Energy IN A Cell The energy source we need is
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
ATP consist of: an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar, an 3 phosphate groups.
Cells need a constant supply of ATP.
Having ATP is like having your battery charged.

5. Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen
Aerobic respiration-process in which ATP is made using oxygen.
Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell.
Aerobic respiration happens in ALL aerobic organisms (plants/animals)

6. Cellular Respiration
1. g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide.
Mitochondria consist of a matrix where three-carbon fragments originating from carbohydrates are broken down (to CO2 and water) and of the cristae where ATP is produced. Cell respiration occurs in a series of reactions in which fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, mostly glucose, are broken down to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Most of the energy from cell respiration is converted into ATP, a substance that powers most cell activities.
1. i.* Students know how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP production.
Enzymes called ATP synthase, located within the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts and cristae membranes in mitochondria, synthesize most ATP within cells. The thylakoid and cristae membranes are impermeable to protons except at pores that are coupled with the ATP synthase. The potential energy of the proton concentration gradient drives ATP synthesis as the protons move through the ATP synthase pores. The proton gradient is established by energy furnished by a flow of electrons passing through the electron transport system located within these membranes.

7. Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb Cycle
Three Stages of Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb Cycle
Electron Transport

8. 1st STEP Glycolysis—aerobic or anerobic (no oxygen)
Takes place in cytoplasm.
Glucose main food source.
Makes only 2 ATP’s.

9. 2nd Step Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb Cycle Occurs in the mitochondria.
Oxygen must be present.
Carbon Dioxide is given off.
ENERGY is held in bonds of hydrogen.
Makes 2 ATPs.

10. 3rd Step Electron Transport Chain Bonds are broken.
Energy is released.
Hydrogen and Oxygen bond (Water is given off).
34 ATP’s are made.

11. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Does not require oxygen.
Anaerobic respiration-process of making ATP without oxygen.
Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Two types of anaerobic respiration
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation

12. Cellular Respiration Fermentation in the Absence of Oxygen
2 Types
each identified by its waste products
(1) Alcoholic Fermentation
(2) Lactic Acid Fermentation

13. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in animal cells
when oxygen is not
present.
SORE MUSCLES
will occur.

14. Alcoholic Fermentation
Occurs in bacteria
and yeast cell.
Produces alcohol
and carbon dioxide.
Micro-organisms that
make yeast, bread
and wine.

15. Alcoholic Fermentation
Some organisms carry out alcoholic fermentation. This was
discovered by Louis Pasteur in his study of the chemistry
of wines. Yeasts break down the sugars in the juice to
pyruvate by glycolysis, then the pyruvate is dismantled to
yield CO2 and ETHANOL. If the fermentation continues
until all the sugar is used, a dry wine is produced. If
fermentation is stopped before all the sugar is used, then
a sweet wine is produced.

16. One Glucose Molecule Produce 38 ATP
Total 38

17. Photosynthesis
6 CO H20  C6H12O O2

18. Photosynthesis
Process by which plants and other autotrophs store the energy of sunlight into sugars.
Requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
6 CO H20  C6H12O O2
Occurs in the leaves of plants in organelles called chloroplasts.

19. FACTS TO KNOW Site for Photosynthesis: chloroplast
Chlorophyll- Green plant
pigment found in the
Organ of Photosynthesis:
Leaf

20. Photosynthesis: The Chemical Process
Occurs in two main phases.
Light reactions
Dark reactions (aka – the Calvin Cycle)
Light reactions are the “photo” part of photosynthesis. Light is absorbed by pigments.
Dark reactions are the “synthesis” part of photosynthesis. Trapped energy from the sun is converted to the chemical energy of sugars.

21. LIGHT REACTION (LIGHT – DEPENDENT)
1.DEPENDS UPON LIGHT
2. LIGHT IS ABSORBED
3. WATER IS SPLIT

22. DARK REACTION (LIGHT-INDEPENDENT)
LIGHT IS NOT NECESSARY.
2. THIS REACTION FOLLOWS THE LIGHT REACTION.
3. SUGAR (GLUCOSE) IS MADE.
4. CARBON DIOXIDE IS GIVEN OFF.

23. ALL FOOD COMES DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FROM PLANTS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
This reaction is one of the most important chemical reactions that takes place on earth.
ALL FOOD COMES DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FROM PLANTS