1. SYMBIOSIS The Study Guide of Doom

2. Symbiosis is a: close, long-term relationship between two or more species close, long-term relationship between two or more species

3. Symbiosis is a: close, long-term relationship between two or more species close, long-term relationship between two or more species Often at least one species needs the relationship in order to thrive Often at least one species needs the relationship in order to thrive There are three types of symbiosis There are three types of symbiosis

4. 3 Types of Symbiosis Commensalism – one species benefits and the other is unaffected Commensalism – one species benefits and the other is unaffected Mutualism – both species benefit Mutualism – both species benefit Parasitism – one species benefits and the other is harmed (the host) Parasitism – one species benefits and the other is harmed (the host)

5. Simple Table of Symbiotic Relationships Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism Species 1Species 2 + + + 0 + -

6. #1 Foolish Thrush… Brown-headed cowbirds lay their eggs in wood thrush nests. When the chicks hatch, the cowbirds are bigger and typically eat more food than the wood thrush chicks. Sometimes the cowbird chicks kick the wood thrush chicks out of the nest.

7. #1: Answer PARASITISM

8. #2 Hummingbirds get nectar from certain flowers and the flowers are pollinated in the process. Rufous-tailed hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl) pollinating tropical blueberry flowers

9. #2: Answer MUTUALISM

10. #3 Oxpecker birds sit on the back of a rhino eating annoying flies. Shoo fly, don’t bother me!

11. #3: Answer MUTUALISM We help out all sorts of African mammals in this way!!!

12. #4 Ticks drink blood from a dog. I vant to drink your blood…

13. #4: Answer PARASITISM

14. #5 Cactus wrens build their nests in cholla cactus.

15. #5: Answer COMMENSALISM THANKS FOR THE FREE HOME! The cactus is not helped or harmed.

16. #6 Bacteria naturally live inside human intestines.

17. #6: Answer MUTUALISM The bacteria get food and the humans get vitamin K from the bacteria. “Cultured” means a product includes “good” bacteria that will help your intestines (and you) stay healthy

18. #7 Remoras attach to the skin of a shark.

19. #7: Answer The shark is not affected, but the remora gets a “free ride” (both transportation and leftovers when the shark eats) COMMENSALISM

20. #8 Mistletoe attached to a tree takes water from the tree’s vascular system.

21. #8: Answer Water is stolen from the tree by the mistletoe; the tree loses water PARASITISM How did stealing a kiss underneath a parasite become a holiday tradition?

22. #9 The Boxer Crab carries around small sea anemones.

23. #9: Answer The crab waves the anemones in the face of a potential attacker (which gets stung) and the anemones gather food bits from the crab when it eats MUTUALISM

24. #10 The Coleman shrimp takes refuge in the protective spines of a fire urchin

25. #10: Answer The Coleman shrimp is protected from predators by the urchin’s spines, while the urchin is unaffected COMMENSALISM

26. Bibliography http://fsc.fernbank.edu/Birding/birdID/cowbird.htm (slides 6&7) http://fsc.fernbank.edu/Birding/birdID/cowbird.htm (slides 6&7) http://fsc.fernbank.edu/Birding/birdID/cowbird.htm http://bio-ditrl.sunsite.ualberta.ca/detail/?P_MNO=6122 (slide 8) http://bio-ditrl.sunsite.ualberta.ca/detail/?P_MNO=6122 (slide 8) http://bio-ditrl.sunsite.ualberta.ca/detail/?P_MNO=6122 http://home.centurytel.net/Arkcite/hek0.htm (slide 9) http://home.centurytel.net/Arkcite/hek0.htm (slide 9) http://home.centurytel.net/Arkcite/hek0.htm http://www.game-reserve.com/images/wildlife/rhino/rhino_and_yellowbilled_oxpecker.jpg (slide 10) http://www.game-reserve.com/images/wildlife/rhino/rhino_and_yellowbilled_oxpecker.jpg (slide 10) http://www.game-reserve.com/images/wildlife/rhino/rhino_and_yellowbilled_oxpecker.jpg http://www.birds-photos.com/main/gallery.aspx?name_id=88 (slide 11) http://www.birds-photos.com/main/gallery.aspx?name_id=88 (slide 11) http://www.birds-photos.com/main/gallery.aspx?name_id=88 http://www.birdingafrica.net/img138.jpg (slide 11) http://www.birdingafrica.net/img138.jpg (slide 11) http://www.birdingafrica.net/img138.jpg http://entomology.unl.edu/images/ticks/ticks.htm (slide 12) http://entomology.unl.edu/images/ticks/ticks.htm (slide 12) http://entomology.unl.edu/images/ticks/ticks.htm http://images.1800petmeds.com/images/products/420/104602_420.jpg (slide 13) http://images.1800petmeds.com/images/products/420/104602_420.jpg (slide 13) http://images.1800petmeds.com/images/products/420/104602_420.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cactus_Wren_nest_in_Teddy-bear_Cholla.jpg (slide 14) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cactus_Wren_nest_in_Teddy-bear_Cholla.jpg (slide 14) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Cactus_Wren_nest_in_Teddy-bear_Cholla.jpg http://www.gf.state.az.us/w_c/nongame_cactus_wren.shtml (slide 15) http://www.liv.ac.uk/researchintelligence/issue27/medicalfood.html (slide 16) http://www.gf.state.az.us/w_c/nongame_cactus_wren.shtml (slide 15) http://www.liv.ac.uk/researchintelligence/issue27/medicalfood.html (slide 16) http://www.gf.state.az.us/w_c/nongame_cactus_wren.shtml http://www.liv.ac.uk/researchintelligence/issue27/medicalfood.html http://www.gf.state.az.us/w_c/nongame_cactus_wren.shtml http://www.liv.ac.uk/researchintelligence/issue27/medicalfood.html http://img.shopping.com/cctool/PrdImg/images/pr/177X150/00/01/d7/0d/ed/30871021.JPG (slide 17) http://img.shopping.com/cctool/PrdImg/images/pr/177X150/00/01/d7/0d/ed/30871021.JPG (slide 17) http://img.shopping.com/cctool/PrdImg/images/pr/177X150/00/01/d7/0d/ed/30871021.JPG http://www.scubaduba.com/gallery/shark2.jpg (slide 18) http://www.scubaduba.com/gallery/shark2.jpg (slide 18) http://www.scubaduba.com/gallery/shark2.jpg http://www.britannica.com/ebc/art-30821 (slide 19) http://www.britannica.com/ebc/art-30821 (slide 19) http://www.britannica.com/ebc/art-30821 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MistletoeInSilverBirch.jpg (slide 20) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MistletoeInSilverBirch.jpg (slide 20) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MistletoeInSilverBirch.jpg http://www.wcosf.org/articles/mistletoe.shtml (slide 21) http://www.wcosf.org/articles/mistletoe.shtml (slide 21) http://www.wcosf.org/articles/mistletoe.shtml http://www.deeperblue.net/article.php/208/13 (slide 22) http://www.deeperblue.net/article.php/208/13 (slide 22) http://www.deeperblue.net/article.php/208/13 http://www.norbertwu.com/galleries/ind-web/pictures/picture-43.jpg (slide 23) http://www.norbertwu.com/galleries/ind-web/pictures/picture-43.jpg (slide 23) http://www.norbertwu.com/galleries/ind-web/pictures/picture-43.jpg http://www.underwaterphotos.com/article4.htm (slide 24) http://www.underwaterphotos.com/article4.htm (slide 24) http://www.underwaterphotos.com/article4.htm http://www.rstours.com/assets/images/colemanshrimp.jpg (slide 25) http://www.rstours.com/assets/images/colemanshrimp.jpg (slide 25) http://www.rstours.com/assets/images/colemanshrimp.jpg