1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS
Chapter 24
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV/AIDS

2. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Lesson 1
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

3. Communicable Disease Infection Virus Bacteria Toxins Fungi Protozoa
A disease that is spread from one living organism to another or through the environment
Infection
A condition that occurs when pathogens in the body multiply and damage body cells
Virus
A piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
Take their course in the body, the cells multiply until the immune system kills them off
Bacteria
Single-celled microorganisms that live almost everywhere
Most are harmless, some are helpful (digestion)
Toxins
Disease-causing bacteria
Substances that kill cells or interfere with their functions
Can be treated with an antibiotic
Fungi
Plantlike organisms, cause disease of the lungs, the mucous membrane, and the skin
Protozoa
Single-celled organism that are larger and more complex than bacteria
Rickettsias
Resemble bacteria, often enters the body through insect bites

4. What are STDs? Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Infections spread from person to person through sexual contact
aka, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Communicable diseases
Viruses or Bacterial infections
In order for infection to occur, direct genital contact or the exchange of semen or other body fluids with someone infected must occur
Asymptomatic
The individual show no symptoms, or the symptoms are mild and disappear after the onset of the infection

5. Common STDs: the Top 6 Genital HPV Infections Chlamydia Genital Herpes
Caused by HPV (human papillomavirus)
Over 100 kinds
Cause genital warts, cervical cancer
Chlamydia
Bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs
Most common STD among teens
Often produces no symptoms
Genital Herpes
Caused by herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex 1 causes cold sores around the mouth
Herpes simplex 2 causes genital sores
Gonorrhea
Bacterial STD affecting the mucous membranes
Asymptomatic for males and mild symptoms for females
Left untreated can cause infertility
Trichomoniasis
Caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra and bladder
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina characterized by discharge, odor, irritation, and itching
Syphilis
Caused by a spirochete, small bacterium
Develop sores in the genital area
Three stages: sore, rash, damage of internal organs

6. The STD Epidemic Epidemic Pandemic
Disease outbreak that affects people in the same place and at the same time
Pandemic
A global outbreak of an infectious disease
The US is currently facing an STD epidemic
19 million people are infected with an STD
Half are under the age of 24
Go undiagnosed or untreated:
Embarrassment or fear
Lack of symptoms
Misinformation
Notification policies

7. Preventing and Treating STDs
Lesson 2
Preventing and Treating STDs

8. Prevention Through Abstinence
Most successful in preventing STDs
Bacterial infections can be treated or cured with antibiotics
A class of chemical agents that destroy disease-causing microorganisms while leaving the patient unharmed
Viral infections are incurable
STDs left untreated or not diagnosed early can result in serious permanent damage or long-term health consequences

9. Guidelines for Staying Committed to Abstinence
Set personal limits on physical affection
Avoid dating someone who is sexually active or who pressures you to go beyond your limits
Avoid situations where you may feel pressured to engage in sexual activity
Avoid people who make fun of your decisions or urge high-risk behaviors
Choose group outings where you can enjoy the company of friends and avoid pressure to engage in sexual activity
Be clear about your decision to practice abstinence
Practice refusal skills

10. High-Risk Behaviors Being sexually active with more than one person
Engaging in unprotected sex
Engaging in sexual activity with high-risk partners
Using alcohol and other drugs

11. HPV Vaccine
A vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer, precancerous genital lesions (or sores), and genital warts caused by genital HPV infection
Protects against 4 types of HPV infections

12. Diagnosing and Treating STDs

13. Genital HPV Infections

14. Chlamydia

15. Gonorrhea

16. Trichomoniasis

17. Syphilis

18. And More….