1. Chapter 4 Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology

2. Genital Self-Exam Increases sexual comfort
Monitor for changes related to health concerns

3. The Vulva
The structures and variations of the vulva: (a) external structures and (b-d) different shapes and colors.

4. Myths and negative attitudes Menarche (MEH-nar-kee)
Menstruation
Myths and negative attitudes
Menarche (MEH-nar-kee)
Initial onset
Age 11-15
Related to heredity, health, altitude (earlier in lower altitudes)

5. Menstrual Cycle Problems
Premenstrual syndrome
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
5% of women
Symptoms bad; disrupt woman’s functioning
Dysmenorrhea (dis-meh-nuh-REE-uh)
painful menses
Amenorrhea = no menses
Either at puberty or due to low fat

6. Continued… Self-help for menstrual symptoms Toxic shock syndrome
Exercise
Sex
Diet
Toxic shock syndrome
Fever, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, dizziness
Diva Cup or pads

7. Terms Related to Menopause
Climacteric (kli-MAK-tuh-rik)
Physiological changes during transition period of fertility to infertility, slowing estrogen production
Around 40 years old
Peri-menopause
Time before menopause
Irregular
Menopause
Permanent cessation of menstruation

8. Menopausal Symptoms
Symptoms vary from mild to strong
Hot flashes or warm spells
Night sweats, interrupted sleep
Headaches, poor concentration
Depression, anxiety
Can take hormones, review page 97

9. Gynecological Health Concerns
Urinary tract infections
bacterial enters vagina
Wipe front to back
Vaginal infections
Review page 99 for prevention tips
Diet, good hygiene, lubrication

10. Pap smear screens for cervical cancer
Few cells removed with brush
Not painful, few nerves on cervix
Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of uterus
Most frequently performed U.S. operation
More frequently performed on low income, less educated women
Non-surgical options
Oophorectomy (oh-uh-fuh-REK-tuh-mee)
Surgical removal of the ovaries, (or also uterus)
40% cancer of survival for 5 years because hard to detect

11. The Breast
Secondary sex characteristics
Mammary glands produce milk
Areola is darker area
Nipple is in center of areola & has openings for milk
Depression, anxiety due to social factors

12. Breast Health Breast cancer Treatments Risk factors
Mastectomy, chemo, hormone, radiation
Risk factors
African Americans tend to have more-advanced breast cancer prior to detection
Lower income, lack of health-care
Page 106, Chart
Reconstructive breast surgery