1. MANTA: The Marine ANimal Tracking Apparatus Tom Norris - Science Applications International Corp. Marco Flagg - Desert Star Systems LLC

2. WHAT IS MANTA? MANTA is a multi-mode data telemetry and data logging system designed for real-time tracking and monitoring of large marine vertebrates.

3. l Real-time 3-D underwater acoustic tracking l Real-time VHF tracking l Data-logger capable depthdepth tilt/roll sensortilt/roll sensor acoustic and other sensorsacoustic and other sensors l Data telemetry via an acoustic modem (limited transmit rates < 150 bps) MANTA Capabilities

4. How Does MANTA Work?

5. Surface Station

6. How are underwater locations determined? l Slant range estimated from signal return time l Horizontal bearing estimated from time delay at receiving array (surface station) l Depth is measured at tag and acoustically transmitted to surface station Three quantities needed: 1) Range 2) Bearing 3) Depth

7. MANTA Tag Design

8. MANTA Protoype Tag

9. MANTA Tag Features Micro-controller 2 mHz Motorola (MC68HC711) Acoustic transceiver 33 - 42 kHz frequency hopping transmitter 33.8 kHz single channel receiver Data-logger (1 Mb - upgrade-able via modules) depth & tilt/roll sensor standard six additional A/D channels w/programmable gain Acoustic modem 5 - 150 bps bits/sec transmit; 5- 35 bits/sec receive 5 - 150 bps bits/sec transmit; 5- 35 bits/sec receive

10. Future Tag Features Acoustic Event Detector l bandpass filter with envelope detector l reconstruct original signal from output To EM-0

11. Divebase Tracking Software

12. Test Example: Manta Rays

14. Future Plans Redesign of MANTA tag: Redesign of MANTA tag: smaller diameter (~ 4 cm) smaller diameter (~ 4 cm) modular components modular components scalable memory (up to 8 Mb) scalable memory (up to 8 Mb) acoustic event detector acoustic event detector Integrate directional hydrophone & VHF capabilities Integrate directional hydrophone & VHF capabilities Deploy on balaenopterids in Monterey Bay, Summer 03 Deploy on balaenopterids in Monterey Bay, Summer 03

15. Applications Validating passive acoustic localization systems Validating passive acoustic localization systems Investigating sensory behavior and ecology Investigating sensory behavior and ecology acoustic behavior (e.g. vocalization rates) acoustic behavior (e.g. vocalization rates) foraging & reproductive behavior and ecology foraging & reproductive behavior and ecology responses to natural environmental stimuli responses to natural environmental stimuli responses to man-made noise responses to man-made noise Oceanographic data samplers (light, temp, etc) Oceanographic data samplers (light, temp, etc) Tagging/monitoring other large marine vertebrates Tagging/monitoring other large marine vertebrates sea-turtles sea-turtles elasmobranchs (sharks, rays) elasmobranchs (sharks, rays)