1. Treaty of Lisbon Europe towards the XXI century

2. The way of Lisbon Treaty 1. Countries of the European Union 2. The main European treaties 3. Why a new Treaty? 4. Decisions of the Lisbon Treaty: - More efficient - More democracy - More transparency - Better foreign policy - More security - New policies 5. The entry into force of the Treaty Index

3. 1. Countries of European Union 1986 1973 1951 1981 1995 2004 1. Belgium 2. Bulgaria 3. Czech Republic 4. Denmark 5. Germany 6. Estonia 7. Ireland 8. Greece 9. Spain 10. France 11. Italy 12. Cyprus 13. Latvia 14. Lithuania 15. Luxembourg 16. Hungary 17. Malta 18. Netherlands 19. Austria 20. Poland 21. Portugal 22. Romania 23. Slovenia 24. Slovakia 25. Finland 26. Sweden 27. United Kingdom 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 13 14 20 15 18 24 23 16 22 8 27 25 26 10 11 21 9 17 12 7 19 Croácia FYROM Turquia

4. 2. The main treaties 18th of April 1951 - Paris 25th of March 1957 - Rome 26th of February 2001 - Nice 29th of October 2004 – Rome* * Constitutional Treaty has not enter into force 13th of December 2007 - Lisboa 2nd of October 1997 Amesterdam 7th of February 1992 - Maastricht

5. 3. Why a new Treaty? 2. Increase of Member States and, consequently, increase of complexity for decision making in many matters. 1. Globalisation: increase of competition and global interaction. Brazil Russia India China USA Japan EU 3. Need to bring Europe closer to citizens. 4. Meet the new challenges of the XXI century.

6. 4. Decisions of the Treaty The European Union becomes a unique identity with a legal personality. There is no mention in European Communities but in European Union.

7. 4. Decisions of the Treaty + Democracy Better Foreign policy + Transparency + Security New policies + Efficient

8. 4. Decisions of the Treaty More efficient, how? The creation of a new institutional framework: the current structure to meet the needs of the EU-27. - The President of the European Council will be appointed for 2 ½ years; - Simplification of process for decision making; - In terms of foreign policy: greater coherence and effectiveness. + Efficient

9. 4. Decisions of the Treaty The new institutional framework European Commission European Parliament Council

10. 4. Decisions of the Treaty The new institutional framework – European Parliament 736 Members Elected 5 in 5 years (direct universal suffrage) Organized into political groups 2009-2014 Powers : Political (exerts political control over all the institutions) Legislative (adopts legislation – Regulations, Directives. Decisions opinions, in co-decision with the Council) Officer (approves the EU budget jointly with the Council)

11. 4. Decisions of the Treaty The new institutional framework – European Parliament - brings greater power in legislative, budgetary and approval of international agreements; - fixes the number of MEPs at 751 (750 + the chairman); - establishes the principle of digressive proportionality, i.e., members of the most populous countries account for a greater number of citizens than the least populous countries; - states that the number of seats per Member State shall not be less than 6 nor more than 96. The Treaty: Portugal will hold 22 MEPs in the European Parliament

12. 4. Decisions of the Treaty The new institutional framework – Council of European Union -1 Minister for each Member State in accordance with the subject for discussion (eg. Ministers of agriculture, environment, finance, etc.); -Each Member State holding the Presidency of the Council for a period of six months on a rotating basis. Council - It’s the main decisions making body of the EU; - Legislative body of the Union in conjunction with Parliament; - Coordination of general economic policies of Member States; - It shares budgetary authority with Parliament; - Celebrate international agreements between the Union and other states or international organizations. Functions:

13. 4. Decisions of the Treaty The new institutional framework – Council of European Union Changes to the level of decision making: - Generalization of the co-decision with Parliament (Legislation Regular Procedure) if the qualified majority voting extended to more areas (e.g.. immigration and culture); - Change of the calculation of the qualified majority: consist in the double majority of Member States and population. The Council will continue to share their legislative and budgetary functions to the European Parliament and retain a central role on foreign policy, security policy (CFSP) and economic policies. From 2014 Approval the affirmative vote of 55% of Member States representing at least 65% of EU population

14. 4. Decisions of the Treaty The new institutional framework – European Council The European Council: - brings together the Heads of State and Government of the European Union and Commission President; - defines general political guidelines of the European Union. Building Justus Lipsius, Brussels - acquires status of an institution of the Union with the task of defining the general policies of the EU; - will be led by a chairman chosen by the European Council by qualified majority for a term of 2 ½ years, renewable once, to ensure greater continuity in EU initiatives and greater external visibility. With the Treaty:

15. 4. Decisions of the Treaty The new institutional framework – European Commission Functions : 27 Commissioners Appointed by the governments of 27 Member States 5-year term Headquarters in Brussels 2009-2014 Law initiative (proposals for legislation); Executive Branch (the Legislation and the Budget of EU policies); Guardian of the Treaties (it ensures Community law). Barroso Commission

16. 4. Decisions of the Treaty The Treaty provides that: 2323 The new institutional framework – European Commission - One of the Vice-Presidents of the Commission will be the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, who will perform an overall coordination role of the Union’s external action. From 2014 - Reduced Membership : of Member State; - Members chosen on the basis of equal rotation. The European Council of December 2008, taking into account the concerns of Irish people, agreed that the Commission will continue to consist of one national from each Member State.

17. 4. Decision of the Treaty More democracy, how? + Democracy Institutions more open and new opportunities for European citizens to make their voices heard, by: - "Right of popular initiative“, 1 million citizens could launch a European initiative; - national parliaments and European Parliament acquire new powers to democratic control (early warning mechanism); - the Charter of Fundamental Rights guarantees the protection of citizens rights.

18. 4. Decisions of the Treaty Ensure the freedom of establishment Put the Human Being at the heart of EU action Preserve and develop common values Respect the diversity of different cultures and traditions Respect the national identities of Member States Promote a balanced and sustainable development Ensure freedom of movement (people, goods, services, capital) What are the objectives? Gather into a single text all the rights of European citizens! The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU

19. 4. Decisions of the Treaty Chapter VI Justice Articles Ex. Art. 47 “Everyone whose rights and freedom guaranteed by the law of the Union and who are violated, has the right to effective remedy before a tribunal” Chapter V Citizenship Articles Ex. Art. 45 “Any EU citizen has teh right to move and reside freely in the Member States territory ” Chapter II Liberties Articles Ex. Art. 10 “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion” Chapter III Equality Articles Ex. Art. 20 “All persons are equal before the law” The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU Chapter IV Solidarity Articles Ex. Art. 33 “It ensured the protection of family on legal, economic and social plan ” Chapter I Dignity Articles Ex. Art. 2 “Nobody can be sentenced to death or executed”

20. 4. Decisions of the Treaty More transparency, how? + Transparency - The Treaty of Lisbon puts emphasis not only on "what" but also on "how"; - It establishes a clearer division of powers between the European and national levels, to clarify who does what; - The positions taken by national governments in the Council of Ministers which deliberate on legislative acts, will be subject to public scrutiny (because they are public).

21. 4. Decisions of the Treaty Better Foreign Policy, how? Better Foreign Policy - Europe needs a foreign policy more coherent and effective; - Strengthening of powers for the “High Representative” for External Relations and Security will help to make the Union more effective in the world; - The legal personality of the European Union will enable to act as a single entity and allow to sign international agreements. - The Treaty creates the post of High Representative of EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy: - brings together the individual tasks performed today by the High Representative for CFSP and the European Commissioner for External Relations; - will be both representative of the Council and Vice-President of the European Commission.

22. 4. Decisions of the Treaty More Liberty, Security and Justice, how? + Security - The commitment to establish an immigration policy and a common asylum system across Europe; - Increase of effectiveness in combating terrorism and criminal networks, crime prevention, immigration and human trafficking; - The introduction of a solidarity clause allowing Member States to provide mutual support in case of terrorist attacks or disasters; - More effective collaboration between the courts of the Member States.

23. New Policies 4. Decisions of the Treaty New Policies, which ones? - The recognition of the objective of combating climate change; - The introduction of new provisions on energy policy - to promote efficient and saving energy and development of new and renewable energies; - The introduction of a general social clause - which requires social issues (promotion of a high level of employment, adequate social protection, fight against social exclusion, etc.) to be taken into account when defining and implementing all policies; - New provisions providing for EU policies in areas like space, tourism, sport and civil protection.

24. 5. The entry into force of the Treaty The Lisbon Treaty was ratified by 27 Member States Through ParliamentReferendum For Members Democratically elected by the citizens For Citizens “A referendum is only binding when the number of voters is higher than half of the registered electors” Art. 115 nº11 of the Portuguese Constitution Ratification

25. 5. The entry into force of the Treaty Ratification Through ParliamentReferendum Germany Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Denmark Slovakia Slovenia Spain Estonia Finland France Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal United Kingdom Czech Republic Romania Sweden Ireland http://europa.eu/lisbon_treaty/countries/index_en.htm Date for entry into force: 1st of December 2009

26. 6. Sites Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Portugal) www.mne.gov.pt European Union www.europa.eu/lisbon_treaty/index_en.htm Office of the European Parliament in Portugal www.parleurop.pt Representation of European Commission in Portugal http://ec.europa.eu/portugal/comissao/index_pt.htm European Information Center Jacques Delors http://dossiers.eurocid.pt/tratadodelisboa www.aprendereuropa.pt