1. Chapter 1 Review

2. 1
The study of relationships between living organisms and the environment
Environmental Science
Ecology
Natural Capital
Environmentalism
Ecosystem

3. 2
The interdisciplinary subject that combines information from the physical sciences and the social sciences to learn how the Earth works
Environmental Science
Ecology
Natural Capital
Environmentalism
Ecosystem

4. 3
Natural resources and natural services that keep us and other forms of life alive and support our economics
Environmental Science
Ecology
Natural Capital
Environmentalism
Ecosystem

5. 4
All of the following are examples of sustainability. Which of the following are sustainable practices:
I implementing a mandatory recycling program
II Installing a new fleet of diesel busses
III installing solar panels to reduce reliance on nonrenewable resources
I only II only III only
I and II I and III

6. 5 Which of the following best describes world population growth:
World population has been increasing at a constant rate
Population of the world is split evenly between developed and developing countries
World population has been growing exponentially
Population of the world has been rising dramatically since 1963
World population is expected to decrease in size from current values and be smaller by 2040

7. 6
Which of the following factors is used by the UN to classify a nation as developed or developing?
Gain in population
Resource use
Distribution of wealth in the population
Degree of industrialization
Annual birth rate

8. 7 A resource that can be replaced in a human lifetime is known as a
Conservative resource
Nonrenewable resource
Important resource
Renewable resource
Sustainable resource

9. 8 ALL of the following are true of nonrenewable resources EXCEPT
Exist in a fixed quantity and are exhaustible
Nonrenewable resources formed on the geologic timescale of millions to billions of years
Nonrenewable resources can be used on a sustainable yield basis to ensure they will always be available
Include metallic minerals which can be recycled or reused
Many of the energy sources we currently rely on are nonrenewable

10. 9
Plants and trees can be cut down and replanted. These resources are therefore considered to be
Renewable resources
Nonrenewable resources
Perpetual
Exhaustible resources
Sustainable

11. 10 An ecological footprint is defined as
The impact an individual may have on a given area of land
The amount of biologically productive land and water needed to sustain an individual within a population
The carrying capacity of the earth for a given population
The amount of land and water that has been converted to nonproductive use within a given geographical region
None of these

12. 11
A measure of a nation’s economic development based on a measure of per capital GDP PPP which includes all of the following EXCEPT
Annual market value of all goods produced within the country
Annual market value of services operating within the country
Disparity of wealth between individuals within the country
The total population at midyear
Comparison of individual purchasing power based on currency rates

13. 12 The “Tragedy of the Commons” refers to the overuse of:
Free-access resources
Government subsidies
Privately owned resources
Venture capital
Corporate revenue

14. 13 Environmental degradation is:
A type of pollution which cannot be broken down in the environment
Harmful materials which can be broken down in natural systems
When we exceed or compromise a renewable resource’s natural replacement rate, the available supply shrinks
A type of environmental ethic in which human needs and intelligence allows us to use resources as we wish
A system of measurement used by environmental scientists to rate the health of a specific system

15. 14 Point pollution sources Can usually be ID within a given area
Can never be located
Are dispersed and difficult to ID
Are much more expensive to control than Nonpoint sources
Cannot be controlled

16. 15 All of the following are true with respect to pollutants EXCEPT
They disrupt life-support systems for living organisms
They can damage property
They create nuisances within an environment
They contribute to the balance within an ecosystem
They can be a hazard to human health

17. 16 A pollution prevention strategy would include:
Government spending more money on clean-up initiatives
Using incineration of waste thereby reducing the volume of solid waste and moving the pollution to a smaller air pollution problem
Land being set aside for the burial of pollutants to allow the environment to naturally deal with existing pollutants
Replacing old polluting systems with new technology which does not result in problematic waste
Creating efficient waste collection and management systems in communities

18. 17
Which of the following are considered to be causes of key environmental problems:
I population growth
II unsustainable resource use
III poverty within a population
II only I and II only I and III only
II and III only I, II, and III

19. 18 The environmental impact of a population on a given area depends on
I population size
II combined environmental effects of technologies
III affluence-level or consumption patterns within the population
I only II only I and II
I and III I, II, and III

20. 19 Environmental ethics can best be defined as:
Using the environment wisely
Maintaining environmental sustainability
Examining the moral basis of environmental responsibility and its extent
None of these
All of these

21. 20
If you wanted to determine if a resource was being used in a sustainable way, which of the following data would you analyze?
The difference between the demand for the resource and the availability of the resource
The total amount of the resource available
The rate at which the resource was being recycled
The difference between the rate of resource consumption and the rate at which the resource is replenished
The change in population size since that resource was introduced

22. 21
Nutrient cycling is:
The circulation of chemicals necessary for life through the living and nonliving systems of the environment
One of the natural services of our ecosystems
A scientific principal of sustainability
Illustrated by the process of decaying matter returning nutrients to the soil to be taken up again by plants
All of the above

23. 22
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), poverty often results in premature death due to all fo the following reasons EXCEPT
Malnutrition
Limited access to adequate sanitation
Sever respiratory disease from indoor air pollution
Available clean drinking water
Lack of access to health care

24. 23
Affluence results in a safer, often more environmentally managed society in all the way EXCEPT
Clean drinking water
Abundant and safe food supply
Increased resource use
Reduction in life-threatening disease
Education which spurs new technology, research, and environmental awareness

25. 24
Consider the following data on population size and land area. Which of the countries has the highest population density?
Country population (in millions) 1st # column
Land area (in millions of hectares) 2nd # column
Country A 12 4
Country B
Country C
Country D 10 30
Country E